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Four Advances That Could Change Tuberculosis Treatment

The AHA! Team — Mon, 28 Jul 2025 05:47:50 +0000

American Chemical Society via EurekAlert! – As of early 2025, tuberculosis cases are increasing in the U.S. As of early 2025, tuberculosis cases are increasing in the U.S. This disease, often shortened to TB, causes significant lung damage and, if not treated, is almost always lethal. World TB Day on March 24 raises awareness about the disease and commemorates Robert Koch’s discovery of the source bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More than a century later, scientists continue refining TB diagnosis methods and treatment strategies, some of which are in these four ACS journal articles. Reporters can request free access to these papers by emailing newsroom@acs.org. 1. Fluorescence for a faster TB diagnosis. Currently, testing saliva samples for M. tuberculosis is time-consuming because of the bacterium’s slow growth and resistance to stains used in imaging. To develop a faster method, researchers targeted a protein that the bacterium uses to steal iron ions from its host’s cells. In a study published in ACS Central Science, the team explains how to label the iron-transporter protein with a fluorescent tag, which turns on after releasing the iron inside the M. tuberculosis cells. In separate tests on saliva from 11 people diagnosed with TB, the fluorescence technique identified infectious levels of the bacterium within 10 minutes. 2. White blood cell-focused M. tuberculosis therapy. A type of white blood cell called a macrophage gets taken over during a tuberculosis infection, becoming an incubator for the pathogen. So, researchers report in ACS Infectious Diseases that they have developed sugar-coated nanoparticles that get absorbed by infected macrophages. And once inside, the nanoparticles interrupted critical cellular pathways and prompted the damaged cells to be recycled. In infected mice, 6 weeks of nanoparticle treatment significantly reduced the amount of M. tuberculosis in the lungs. 3. A potential nasal treatment for tuberculous meningitis. If M. tuberculosis reaches cerebrospinal fluid, the result can be tuberculous meningitis — a life-threatening inflammation around a person’s brain and spinal cord. To get the TB drug clofazimine across the blood-brain barrier, researchers have encapsulated it inside tiny particles and created a nasal spray. According to their study in ACS infectious Diseases, the spray didn’t adversely affect mice with tuberculous meningitis. A 4-week treatment significantly reduced the bacterial burden within the animals’ brains and lungs compared to untreated mice. 4. Light-activated particles inactivate bacteria. Many new TB cases are multidrug resistant. So, a research team wanted to improve treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of further antimicrobial resistance by creating a photoreactive therapy. They encapsulated light-activated particles inside nanometer-wide spheres. When the nanospheres were injected into mice, red laser light triggered the particles to produce reactive oxygen species that inactivated Mycobacterium marinum, a bacterium that causes TB-like illness in fish. The initial animal study results are published in ACS Omega. Additionally in March 2025, ACS Webinars and ACS Publications co-hosted a virtual event, “Disrupt & Destroy: Starving Tuberculosis with Smarter Science,” about innovative drug strategies and cutting-edge TB research. The webinar is available to watch on demand. ### Journal ACS Central Science To read the original article click here.

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Eucalyptus Leaves Benefits, Uses & Side Effects (Plus How to Grow)

AHA Publisher — Fri, 04 Dec 2020 08:00:44 +0000

Jillian Levy, CHHC via Dr. Axe – You may already know that eucalyptus oil is recommended for treating a variety of respiratory symptoms due to its natural decongestant effects and antiseptic properties — but did you know that eucalyptus leaves themselves can also be utilized in similar ways? The aboriginal people of Australia, as well as early European explorers and collectors, have used eucalyptus for centuries. Nearly all parts of the plant have medicinal benefit, including the oily leaves, bark and roots. Concentrated, therapeutic essential oil can be derived from the plant (and taken internally or mixed with a carrier oil before being applies to the skin), while the leaves can be dried to make tinctures, steeped to make tea or steamed to create beneficial vapors. While you want to avoid munching on raw eucalyptus leaves since they can be very hard to digest, preparing the leaves in other ways helps release their protective compounds. Using eucalyptus herbal infusions and tonics, you can prepare DIY flu and cold remedies to help treat symptoms like congestion, coughs and more. You also apply some to your skin and mouth to promote healing. What Are Eucalyptus Leaves? Eucalyptus leaves come from eucalyptus plants (most often Eucalyptus globulus), which are actually hundreds of related species in the myrtle (Myrtaceae) plant family that are mostly native to Australia. These leaves are covered with oil glands and have a natural menthol scent, similar to mint leaves. They contain a number of beneficial compounds found mostly within the plant’s volatile essential oils. Eucalyptus species grow as trees, shrubs or house plants (indoor and outdoor) depending on the specific type and the climate. The leaves usually start out as light green ovals and become darker green as the plant matures. Most types are evergreens and hold on to their leaves year-round. Some popular eucalyptus leaves uses include: Soothing symptoms of colds and the flu Boosting skin health when added to massage oils and bath additives Soothing congestion when consumed as a tea Adding a fresh, menthol scent to your home when used in aromatherapy Benefits Due to the presence of compounds including cineole and flavonoid antioxidants found within eucalyptus leaves, they have been found to have antibacterial, antiseptic and expectorant properties. Below are some of the main benefits and uses of these leaves. 1. High in Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds These leaves are packed with protective terpenes, flavonoids and other antioxidants, including: eucalyptol (also called cineole) catechins quercetin isorhamnetin luteolin limolene kaempferol phloretin These compounds can generally help fight oxidative stress and support the immune system due to their anti-inflammatory effects. They may also have pain-killing properties and can potentially help reduce joint pain when applied to topically. Cineole is an especially valuable compound present in these leaves that has been shown in studies to have antimicrobial effects against many bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) — as well as viruses and fungi (including candida). 2. Help Loosen Phlegm and Coughs According to research studies, eucalyptus makes a great natural treatmentfor common respiratory issues, including: coughs sore throats phlegm, nasal congestion and mucus buildup respiratory infections bronchitis headaches due to sinus pressure asthma symptoms symptoms tied to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) An added benefit of inhaling this plant’s scent is that it can help promote relaxation and reduce anxiety and blood pressure. To get these benefits, the leaves can be steamed and inhaled or made into a topical treatment that can be applied to the chest. 3. May Help Manage Asthma Symptoms One particular terpene compound found in these leaves, called cineole/eucalyptol, has been shown in some studies to help improve asthma symptoms. In one study, 600 milligrams of eucalyptol per day was compared to a placebo among adults with asthma over the course of 12 weeks. The group taking eucalyptol experienced a decreased need for steroid medications used to control symptoms, significantly more so than the placebo group. Researchers involved in the study credit cineole’s anti-inflamamtory effects with the observed improvements in asthma symptoms. It’s been found that cineole can suppress arachidonic acid metabolism and cytokine production, two factors that may lead to severe asthma. 4. Support Skin Health and Reduce Dryness Eucalyptus leaf can be used to make an extract that has healing effects when applied to dry or sensitive skin. Some studies have demonstrated that it can increase ceramide production in the skin, which increase moisture and creates a protective barrier that decreases dryness, redness, itchiness and scaliness. Researchers believe it has this effect due to compounds including macrocarpal A. One study found that topical application of eucalyptus extract-containing lotion to participants’ dry and scaly scalps helped improve quality of life and symptoms associated with atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis or pityriasis capitis. 5. Promote Dental Health In addition to soothing damaged skin, eucalyptus leaf can aid in periodontal health by cleansing the inside of the mouth. It’s sometimes added to mouthwashes and gums to help prevent plaque buildup, clean the gums and reduce bleeding, and help control inflammation and bacteria growth that may contribute to gum disease. How to Use Eucalyptus leaf is found in a wide variety of products, including cough drops, beauty products, herbal teas, candles and potpourri. To make your own eucalyptus salves, cough drops and other remedies, you can first create a tincture or “herbal infusion” by steeping the leaves. Herbal Infusion— An herbal infusion is like “a cup of tea without the tea leaves.” It’s basically a liquid that contains the nutrients released from herbs once they are steeped/soaked. To make one using eucalyptus, add a handful of fresh leaves to hot water in a glass jar, and let it sit for about eight hours. Then remove the leaves, and drink the water. You can also use liquid on your skin to help soothe irritation and for its cleansing effects. Tincture — To make a tincture, put a half pound or so of fresh leaves into a large jar and cover with vodka. Seal the jar, and leave it for two weeks, then strain. Store the tincture in a sealed jar in a cool, dry area. It should stay good for several months. Herbal Tea — Another way to use fresh leaves is by brewing them to make herbal tea, which is great to sip on if you feel congested. Add several fresh leaves or half a teaspoon of crushed dried leaves to very hot water, and let it steep for several minutes. Then take out the leaves, and drink it once it’s cooled a bit. Here are some other DIY recipes you can make at home using these leaves: Herbal Chest Rub — Combine eucalyptus tincture with beeswax, and spread over your chest to help decrease congestion. Massage Oil and Skin Salve — Add eucalyptus tincture to a carrier oil with calendula, and massage over dry patches of skin. (Just avoid putting it on open wounds.) You can also make a massage oil to help decrease joint pain, swelling and arthritis. Fill a glass jar with a handful of fresh or dried leaves, then cover with olive, coconut, jojoba or sweet almond oil. Place the oil in direct sun for two weeks, and then strain and apply to the skin. Homemade Cough Drops — Freeze eucalyptus tea or herbal infusion using a cough drop tray or an ice tray. (You’ll want to chop the ice cubes into smaller pieces if you do this.) How do I dry the leaves? You can dry the leaves on the stem by hanging the branches upside down in a dry place in your home. An alternative is to remove the leaves from the stem and dry them on your counter on a paper towel. You’ll know the leaves are dried once they have a crispy or “leathery” appearance. Store them in a glass jar to keep them fresh. Can I boil eucalyptus leaves and drink it? Yes, you can turn the fresh leaves into tea or use them to make tinctures. See above for directions. How can you use eucalyptus leaves in the shower? Hang the leaves on their stem in your shower, or add them to your bath. The steam will help release the beneficial compounds. You can also add some to a bowl with warm water and inhale the steam/vapors coming off. If using the bowl method, consider placing a damp towel over the top of your head to help keep the steam near your face. Where do you find eucalyptus leaves? In terms of where to buy eucalyptus leaves, look in health food stores, some gardening stores or online. You can also easily grow this plant yourself at home (see below), whether indoors and outdoors. How long do eucalyptus leaves last? Fresh leaves should be used within about three to eight weeks. Dried, preserved leaves last for as long as one to two years if stored in a well-sealed container. How to Grow Eucalyptus can be grown at home as a potted shrub or indoor/outdoor plant, depending on the specific species. It grows best in temperate or cool climates outdoors and should be brought inside when the temperature gets very cold. These plants are considered “heavy feeders” and need lots of sun exposure. They grow well in a variety of soils as long as they are fed often and receive lots of sunlight. Risks and Side Effects Is eucalyptus leaf poisonous? It’s important not to consume eucalyptus essential oil internally or to eat the raw leaves. Eucalyptus leaf can potentially be toxic and result in side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and even neurological changes. Avoid consuming even small amounts of the leaves, instead preparing them via steeping or steaming first. Conclusion Eucalyptus leaf is high in beneficial compounds, including terpenes, cineole/eucalyptol, as well as flavonoids and other antioxidants that have been found to support respiratory health. Benefits of consuming these leaves can include decreasing congestion and coughs, reduced sore throat pain, less sinus headaches, and decreased asthma symptoms. Other uses include soothing dry or irritated skin and preventing plaque buildup on teeth and signs of gum disease. Wondering what to do with dried eucalyptus leaves? You can use either fresh or dried leaves in DIY recipes, such as teas, herbal infusions, tinctures, cough drops and skin salves. Do not eat the leaves themselves or ingest eucalyptus essential oil, because this can potentially lead to dangerous side effects. To read the original article click here. For more articles from Dr. Axe click here.

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Your Lung Function Is an Important Predictor of Health and Longevity

AHA Publisher — Fri, 11 Sep 2020 07:00:33 +0000

Lori Alton via NaturalHealth365 – Since none of us are immortal, the impulse to estimate how many years we might have left is perfectly natural. But, what is the most accurate predictor of lifespan? Some studies have focused on factors such as telomere length, while others have examined levels of important antioxidants like glutathione. But, it turns out that het biggest clue to longevity is your lung function. In fact, a peer-reviewed study supports this point of view. And, with COVID on everyone’s mind, we thought this a very important topic to discuss. So, today, we’ll focus our attention on how lung health is directly connected to our ability to live a long, healthy life or not! Health ALERT: Limited Lung Function Can Have Severe Consequences Lung capacity is defined as the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold, while lung function involves the speed with which you can inhale and exhale. Lung function also involves how efficiently your lungs oxygenate the blood, while at the same time removing carbon dioxide. Both lung function and lung capacity can be measured by a spirometry test. Also known as a pulmonary function test, spirometry measures the lungs’ forced vital capacity (FVC), which involves lung size and exhalation capability, and the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume) which measures how much air can be exhaled in one second. When lung capacity and function are limited, less oxygen enters the bloodstream, cells and tissues – resulting in shortness of breath, reduced endurance and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness. Because limited lung function causes the heart to work harder, this can lead over time to heart failure and heart attacks. Other adverse effects include impaired metabolic and digestive functions, problems with cognition and memory, increased inflammation and heightened susceptibility to respiratory infections. Study: Poor Lung Capacity Can Double Your Risk of Premature Death In a 29-year study published in Chest, the peer-reviewed journal of the American College of Chest Physicians, researchers assessed the pulmonary function of 1,194 adults ranging in age from 20 to 89. After adjusting for factors such as age, body mass, blood pressure, education and smoking, the team found that lung capacity was strongly related to all-cause mortality in both men and women. Men with the poorest lung capacity were a shocking 2.24 times more likely to die from any cause than those with the highest capacity, while women were 1.81 times more likely to die. Concluding that lung capacity and volume is a “strong and independent predictor of both all-cause and disease-specific mortality,” the researchers suggested that this could be used as an important tool for general health assessment. By the way, this is not the only study linking lung capacity with lifespan. In an earlier investigation known as the Framingham study, researchers found that people with generous lung volume were healthier and lived longer than those with limited lung capacity. Warning: Too Many People Experience Poor Lung Health as Early as Age 30 As with so many other body functions, lung capacity declines with age. Lung tissue becomes less flexible, the diaphragm muscle becomes weaker, and the rib cage may contract, leaving less room for lungs to expand. In fact, Dr. Adrian Draper, a respiratory consultant at Spire St. Anthony Hospital, reports that lung capacity at age 60 may be only two thirds of what it was at age 30. In addition, diseases such as COPD, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis (scarring) take a toll on lung capacity. Conventionally speaking, lung function can’t be improved. However, the Lung Health Institute reports that lung capacity – the amount of air available to be used – can be. Increasing lung capacity can provide a wealth of health benefits – including better immune defense against disease, accelerated wound healing, sharpened focus and concentration, improved digestion and more efficient elimination of waste. Simple Lifestyle Choices Can Improve Lung Capacity If you still smoke, quitting is the single most important thing you can do prevent and combat COPD and increase lung capacity. If you have tried to quit without success, don’t beat yourself up – but don’t give up. Many ex-smokers report that it took several attempts before they achieved success. As excess fat can push on the chest and interfere with lung function, it can be helpful to shed pounds if you are overweight or obese. In addition, you can support healthy lung capacity by avoiding allergens, environmental toxins, secondhand smoke and dust. Remove dust and vacuum frequently – using a HEPA filter. The Lung Health Institute recommends jettisoning household objects – such as drapes and tablecloths – that may act as “dust catchers,” and washing bed sheets regularly at high temperature. Bypass chemical air fresheners in favor of scenting your home with essential oils, and substitute organic cleaning products for harsh cleaners. And, of course, a good indoor air filtration system is a powerful weapon against toxins and pollutants. Breathing exercises and techniques – including coordinated breathing, deep breathing and diaphragmatic breathing – can also help restore lung capacity. You can find some suggestions here. Vitamin D – which is antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune system-boosting – can be a boon to pulmonary function. Studies reveal that people with COPD who accompany standard rehabilitation measures with increased vitamin D intake show improvement in their ability to exercise. As always, check with your integrative doctor before supplementing. Physical exercise can be highly beneficial for improving lung capacity. Experts recommend interspersing low-intensity activities with high-intensity exercise for maximum benefit. However, before beginning any exercise routine, consult your integrative doctor to work out a program that is safe and effective for you. (Note: This is especially important if you suffer from COPD). Finally, you can promote relaxation and manage stress naturally with techniques such as biofeedback, acupuncture, guided meditation and yoga (which helps with both breathing and relaxation). The key point is this: with the right lifestyle choices and techniques, you have the power to help your lungs tell the story of a longer, healthier life. Take action today and enjoy the results. Sources for this article include: NIH.gov, LungInstitute.com, Mirror.co.uk To read the original article click here. For more articles from NaturalHealth365 click here.

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