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Study Demonstrates UV-C Light Is Effective for Killing COVID-19 on N95s

AHA Publisher — Thu, 24 Sep 2020 07:00:47 +0000

Henry Ford Health System via EurekAlert – Dermatology researchers at Henry Ford Health System, in collaboration with a team at the University of Michigan, have demonstrated that certain N95 respirators tainted with COVID-19 can be effectively and safely decontaminated for reuse using ultraviolet-C light (UV-C), a method commonly utilized for treating rare skin diseases. Researchers say the outside and inside of the facemasks were decontaminated in a prototype phototherapy unit that dispenses a UV-C dosing level high enough to effectively kill the virus in less than two minutes while still preserving the facemask’s breathability, fit and overall integrity. Of the five N95s used at Henry Ford and tested for the coronavirus in the study, the decontamination process worked best on two models – facepieces on 3M 1860 and Moldex 1511 and straps on 3M 8210 and Moldex 1511. The effects of the dosage varied on the other tested models and their straps, suggesting that the UV-C radiation can degrade them. Researchers say wiping the straps with ethanol before decontamination would likely be required as an additional disinfection step in the process to maximize the wearer’s safety. Researchers emphasized that fit testing be required each time a disinfected facemask is returned for use or a new model is being worn for the first time. The research, conducted in partnership with the University of Michigan, is published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases. “Our findings reveal a practical, and viable option should hospitals encounter shortages of N95s in the future,” says David Ozog, M.D., chair of Henry Ford’s Department of Dermatology in Detroit and the study’s lead author. “Using UV-C has been shown to be effective in killing other coronaviruses and the flu virus. We were able to replicate that sterilization effectiveness with COVID-19.” Ozog stressed that facemask sterilization should only be used in severe shortages of N95s. Testing of the N95s for decontamination was performed at U-M’s SARS-CoV-2 research lab in Ann Arbor. “When Dr. Ozog approached us about helping to demonstrate the effectiveness of their UV sterilization procedure with live SARS-CoV-2 virus, we immediately agreed and understood that we could provide some confidence to their healthcare workers that this procedure was effective,” says Jonathan Sexton, Ph.D., assistant professor of Internal Medicine and director of the U-M Center for Drug Repurposing and a study co-author. The research culminated the work of a team of dermatologists and researchers who have devoted more than 400 hours since the pandemic hit Michigan to investigating how phototherapy – a type of medical treatment used for treating certain skin conditions – could serve a role in the global health emergency. The Henry Ford team includes Henry Lim, M.D., and Iltefat Hamzavi, M.D., both of whom are internationally recognized for their expertise using phototherapy for treating rare skin diseases like vitiligo and hidradenitis suppurativa. The team’s focus centered on the potential of decontamination contaminated N95s for reuse by healthcare workers. They examined the reliability of the prototype unit and ultraviolet light, the minimum dosage needed for decontamination, the importance of fit testing post-decontamination and four common methods associated with facemask decontamination. The pandemic exposed a critical flaw in the global PPE supply chain as the health care industry struggled to obtain supplies of N95s, other facemask types, gowns, gloves and face shields. As a result, decontaminating N95s to be reused safely became essential for many health care systems and providers until new shipments of supplies arrived. Henry Ford decontaminated thousands of N95s and returned them to their user for reuse in the first couple months of the pandemic. “The beginning of the pandemic was physically and mentally overwhelming for everyone. We desperately wanted to help our front-line workers, who were crushed with COVID-19 cases at Henry Ford,” Dr. Ozog says. UV-C is one of the four methods considered for facemask decontamination. It is well known for its ability to penetrate the DNA of bacteria and microorganisms and prevent them from multiplying or replicating. Previous research has shown UV-C to be effective at killing the flu virus as well two other well- known coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). Whether it could work on the novel COVID-19 virus was previously unknown. Henry Ford’s phototherapy unit was modified with the help of engineers at Daavlin Co., a phototherapy manufacturer based in Bryan, Ohio. It sits on a flat surface and is about five feet long. The decontamination field measures 15 inches deep by 45 inches long – plenty room to treat up to 27 facemasks at one time. The ultraviolet light is powered by at least 10 but not more than 20 UV-C lamps. For the study, five types of N95s used at Henry Ford were tested at the U-M BSL3 biosafety lab. The respirators were contaminated with four drops of the COVID-19 virus taken from viral stocks obtained from the federal government’s Biodefense and Emergency Infections Research Resources Repository. The virus droplets were placed in four areas: nosepiece, apex, chin and strap. The facemasks were kept dry in a biosafety cabinet at room temperature for 40 minutes. Then they were moved to the phototherapy unit for decontamination using a dose of 1.5 J/cm2 ultraviolet light radiation – at a wavelength of 254 nanometers – to each side of the mask for about 60 seconds. Ultraviolet radiation is measured in three wavelengths: UV-C, UV-B and UV-A. UV-B and UV-A are associated with skin cancer and are also used in the treatment of some dermatologic diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis. Indermeet Kohli, Ph.D, a Henry Ford dermatology physicist, developed a formula by which the UV-C dose delivered to the exterior and interior parts of the facemasks can be assessed for decontamination and safe use. She says the curvature of the facemask and the distance between its surface and the lamps are crucial factors in achieving the proper dosage. “It is imperative that this type of assessment be performed to make sure that the decontamination process is done properly,” Dr. Kohli says. “Failure to do so could result in catastrophic consequences for the front-line healthcare workers.” The effectiveness of decontamination was measured in analytical chemistry terms by the limit of detection (LOD) and no cytopathic effect (CPE). LOD is the minimum concentration of a component that can be reliably detected. CPE means the virus yielded no infectious properties. All five facepieces had below LOD and no CPE but some had traces of the virus on their straps, according to the research. Researchers cautioned that none of the N95s tested were visibly soiled. Most health systems including Henry Ford prohibit the reuse of soiled N95s. In a Letter to the Editor published in Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, Shanthi Narla, M.D., a Henry Ford dermatology fellow, urged caution about using UV-C decontamination due to the variety of N95s in use across the country. “This process should only be considered as a risk mitigation effort during severe shortages,” she wrote. In a demonstration of the prototype unit, the facemasks are placed on a stainless-steel tray, separated by autoclave tape to keep them from touching each other. Once one side of the facemask is treated, it’s flipped over to perform a separate decontamination. Researchers say any visibly soiled masks should not be treated but rather properly disposed as medical waste. “Considering that many healthcare providers are using substitutes for N95s that offer very limited degree of protection, using (UV-C) and repurposing phototherapy devices could be the best practical solution at this time,” Dr. Hamzavi wrote in Letter to the Editor published online in JAAD. Researchers stressed that not all N95s are created equal and may not withstand decontamination. Degrading may occur in the facemask’s outer surface and the elasticity of the bands. Thus, researchers underscored the importance of fit-testing after decontamination in a study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Health care workers are fit-tested every year with their N95 to ensure a proper fit and no air can penetrate the outer edges. UV-C is one of the four common methods used in health care to sterilize N95s. Hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave generated steaming and dry heating also have shown to be effective in varying degrees. UV-C and HPV are also commonly used for disinfecting patient care units, surgical suites and intensive care units in the health care setting. Only the UV-C method was used in the Henry Ford study. Researchers strike a cautionary tone for N95 decontamination no matter the method. “Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, extreme measures are needed to keep those on the front line protected,” says Angela Torres, M.D., a Henry Ford dermatology fellow and lead author in a study published online in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. “These options are cost effective, quick to employ and have the potential to save many lives and valuable resources.” However, Dr. Torres says, discarding a contaminated disposable N95 after a single use is “still ideal.” To read the original article click here.

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How to Keep the Elderly Safe and Happy in a Pandemic

AHA Publisher — Fri, 03 Jul 2020 07:00:41 +0000

Nicky Blackburn via Israel21c – Should the elderly stay home during the Covid crisis, how do we know if they are depressed, what can we do to raise their spirits? We asked four experts for their advice. It’s a tough time everywhere in the world right now, as the numbers suffering from Covid-19 continue to rise. And hardest hit of all are the elderly. Asked to shelter in place for months already, some are now being told they must continue to stay put indefinitely, while others are being told it’s fine to go out, even while pandemic numbers rise. As part of a new series, Ask the Experts, we invited readers to send in questions they might have about how to keep elderly friends and relatives healthy and safe during corona, and asked four professionals in the gerontology field to answer them. The experts are Prof. Efraim Jaul, the Director of Geriatrics at Herzog Medical Center; Yonit Zabari, Director of the Department of Social Work at Herzog Medical Center; Dr. Amnon Raviv, a professional medical clown and college instructor; and Dvora Corn, a Jerusalem-based family and marital therapist specializing in aging, illness and end-of-life issues. She is cofounder of Gisha L’chaim – Life’s Door, helping people cope with death and loss. Find out what they said below. Question: In many places around the world we seem to be going into a second wave of corona, but some governments are keeping everything open. What should elderly people do in this case? Is it better for old people to just stay at home until this crisis is finally over? Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “It is important for older people to go out. Loneliness and staying indoors can be more problematic than corona, causing depression and other issues. One should be careful when outdoors — wear a mask, do not stay in closed areas, keep two meters (6 feet) apart, and meet with friends in open areas.” Dr. Amnon Raviv “This is an open question. It is clear now that old people are at risk. Staying at home for long periods of time can be depressing, so if you decide to do this, I recommend you meet your loved ones not only through virtual platforms but also for real. Keep 10 meters’ (approx. 30 feet) distance (from your balcony, for example) and you can meet safely and share your feelings with the family. This is extremely important for your mental wellbeing.” Dvora Corn “The question of how elderly people, or any individual in what has been identified as high risk groups, ought to behave during this health pandemic is complex and highly personal. As with many choices, decision making may be based on a risk-benefit equation which takes into consideration not only physical health but other factors which influence quality of life. “In this corona time, which is fraught with so many unknowns, the capacity to plan is further challenged by the reality that we have no clear end-point and as such one may be challenged to sustain plans or may want to reconsider choices as time progresses. “As a guideline to assist in these challenging times, it is often helpful to begin with an examination of values that one senses are core elements of that person’s meaningful existence. For instance, in asking oneself the question ‘What makes my life worthwhile?’ or even ‘What makes a day a good one for me?’ we begin to understand those unique activities without which one’s life becomes less satisfying or even, tragically, unbearable. “As such, one may opt to run the risk of serious illness and even death, if they deem that a life without these elements (e.g. family connection, or other social interactions, time in nature) is not a ‘life worth living.’ While this may seem harsh or even irresponsible behavior, as a society we owe this right to every human being– to choose how he or she wants to live. “The question, if at all possible, should be posed to the individual elderly person to engage in an honest reflection. It is never too early to engage in ‘The Conversation,’ examining core values and sharing choices on how to live, especially in the face of potential illness. Many tools to assist in this process exist and some can be found on www.lifesdoor.org.” Question: Is there anything old people can do to improve their chances of survival if they do catch corona? Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “Eating properly is very important. Drink a lot of liquids; eat fresh fruit and vegetables; meals should be light but ensure to include protein, for example eggs.” Dr. Amnon Raviv “Like any other life-threatening disease you would be able to fight the disease better if your spirit is high. Using lots of humor, lifting the spirit with playing and singing good music, dancing (even in your bed if you don’t have much energy), meeting with your beloved ones to share good memories or singing together.” Question: I’ve heard that vitamin D helps you fight corona. What level of vitamin D should we be taking every day? Are there other vitamins or food supplements that might help? Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “Assuming one is eating healthy as outlined above, Vitamin D 4000 units is recommended on a daily basis. Vitamin D is known to keep bones healthy and reduces depression. If one is not eating a healthy and balanced diet, Vitamin B and B complex vitamin are recommended as well.” Dr. Amnon Raviv “Your physician probably would be able to answer this question, but I can add to the list other very important vitamins you should have: vitamins L, E & H (love, empathy & humor). It would be great if you could have a big quantity of those, as they would strengthen your immune system as well.” Question: How can my family and I lift the spirits of an elderly family member, who is isolated in a nursing home? He can only see his family through a window, which makes him happy, but at the same time frustrated and sad that he cannot physically be in the same room as us. With the lockdown continuing on in California, it is very challenging for him (and us too). Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “Meeting with the elderly in an outdoor area (e.g. garden) is very important and should be implemented where possible and as much as possible. Communication must be more than just through a window. We encourage use of tablets, as well as frequent phone calls during the day.” Dr. Amnon Raviv “It is very important to do something together. After sharing how you feel and finding out how everyone is, it is highly recommended to do something enjoyable together. For example, if you have good memories from a vacation that you had in the past, try together to remember every funny detail. You can sing songs that you like together or you can tell jokes to each other. The emphasis is on doing enjoyable things and less on discussing negative feelings.” Dvora Corn “We know that the frustration of social distancing may be hard on both the elderly as well as their family members. Further, many older people with cognitive impairment find the technological alternatives such as Zoom to be anxiety producing and overstimulating. Living with these restrictions challenges us to find new and creative solutions. “We have found that setting goals and engaging in activities that are meaningful to both parties– even if they are not done in the same space — provides a sense of connection. This may include doing a ‘book club’ and setting times to share thoughts about the books, or doing creative arts and showing one another how each is progressing in such projects. “The benefit of these sorts of activities, beyond being engaged in a pleasurable task, is that they carry us forward and allow us to plan for interactions with family members which are content based (‘Show me the scarf you are knitting’ or ‘How is your orchid plant doing?’). “These corona times have actually opened up new or dormant vistas for engagement and sharing. While none of us chose to live through a pandemic, we can find deeper meaning and connection, despite the physical space between us.” Question: I’m worried that my parent/grandparent is suffering from loneliness, but they put on a brave face when I ask them about it. How can we tell if an elder may need professional counseling or other forms of help, and what can I say to help? Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “Try to determine if they are following a daily routine, i.e. sleeping well, eating healthy and balanced meals, and if they have an appetite. These are all indicators for depression. Frequent phone calls and use of video calls are important. Encourage them to go out for a short walk outdoors.” Dr. Amnon Raviv “You can say how much you love them and show them how much you care for them. Everybody will feel less lonely if they feel loved. The virus makes everybody feel lonely, especially elderly people, and it is our privilege, but also obligation, to take care of them. If you feel that they need professional counseling ask them first what would help them, and then see how, and in what way, you can assist with professional counseling.” Dvora Corn “Loneliness has been a growing problem in the Western world over the past decade. The challenges of corona have exacerbated the demographic trends in the increased number of elderly (what has been termed the ‘Gray Tsunami’), with social isolation being the cause of many serious health problems ranging from depression to malnutrition and cognitive decline. “While we want to support an older person’s need to feel a sense of dignity and autonomy, as concerned family members we want to monitor and take action if we see early signs of these sequelae. In such situations, an assessment by a professional who understands the needs of the elderly would be advised.” Question: My family of three in NY has been home since March 2 and is scrupulous about social distancing. My husband and I work from home, my son attended school on Zoom, and we only have grocery deliveries. We have mostly avoided being in public, except for occasional walks. My father is age 86 and lives an hour from my house. Come the fall, when my son restarts high school in person, I am afraid for our family to be around his grandfather. Is there any safe way to see him? Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “We are always faced with risks and have to make decisions. Your father should not be alone. We would encourage you to visit but keep in mind the following: Do not stay in a closed area, the visit must be outdoors, everyone should wear a mask. Everyone should maintain social distancing, especially your teenaged son. If outdoors is not available, ensure that the indoor area is well ventilated and windows are kept open.” Dr. Amnon Raviv “It is hard not to celebrate the Jewish [holidays] together. What we should keep in mind is that hundreds of laboratories around the world are working to produce a vaccine to the pandemic. The estimated time for having the vaccine is around a year from now, so we should encourage ourselves and our family to be patient. Soon enough we would be able to celebrate the Jewish chagim together again. In the meantime, try to stay safe and celebrate together on Zoom.” Question: I live in a different country from my parents, who are in their 80s. Flights now seem to be resuming, even though corona isn’t over. Is it safe for me to fly there and stay with them in their home or should I stay in a hotel? Prof. Efraim Jaul and Yonit Zabari “Currently it would be preferable to travel by car only. We are concerned about traveling by...

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A Serious Case of ‘Maskne’: How to Prevent & Treat Face Acne Due to Wearing a Mask

AHA Publisher — Fri, 12 Jun 2020 07:00:02 +0000

Christine Ruggeri, CHHC via Dr. Axe – Many of us are getting used to rocking a mask or face covering throughout the day, when shopping, working or in public places, and perhaps, by now, you’ve noticed breakouts around your nose and mouth. Well, it turns out you’re dealing with “maskne,” a new term used to describe acne caused by wearing a mask. You know that sweaty, sticky, humid feeling you get after wearing a mask for a few hours? Yeah — it’s really a breeding ground for oil and bacteria that can clog your pores and cause breakouts. But worry not, there are certainly home remedies for acne that you can use to improve maskne and keep your skin looking fresh — even if no one can see it. What Is Maskne? The scientific term for maskne is acne mechanica. It’s a specific form of acne that’s triggered by friction or pressure on the skin from heavy clothing or protective gear. If you’ve been wearing a mask throughout the day, you may notice breakouts in areas that the mask meets your skin, like your nose, cheeks and chin. In addition to maskne, wearing a tight-fitting mask for multiple hours a day can also lead to eczema or dry, itchy skin. Why Do Masks Enhance Breakouts? Why does wearing a mask lead to increased breakouts? For starters, the mask traps sweat, dirt, oil and humidity, which are stuck on your skin throughout the day. When bacteria forms under your mask, it can be pushed into the skin with friction, which is caused by the mask being pressed onto your face. This causes increased inflammation and can trigger acne. How to Prevent/Treat It 1. Wash Your Face Be sure to wash your face before putting on a mask and after taking it off. This reduces the amount of bacteria that lingers and can cause breakouts. Opt for a face cleanser that won’t dry out or irritate your skin. This Homemade Honey Face Mask works to cleanse the skin without the use of harsh chemicals. It’s made with apple cider vinegar, honey, coconut oil and essential oils. If you’re shopping for a face wash, read the ingredient labels carefully and avoid any products containing common offenders, like aluminum, retinyl acetate, parabens and polyethylene. 2. Exfoliate Removing dead skin cells and lurking bacteria from your face is key for preventing and treating maskne. The best way to do that is to exfoliate your skin’s surface at least once a week in order to remove buildup and unclog your pores. You can easily make your own exfoliator at home with ingredients in the kitchen. You’ll need a gritty ingredient, like sea salt, brown sugar or ground oatmeal. Then you’ll need your base, like coconut oil. Mix them together and massage it into your skin gently. Then rinse and pat dry. 3. Use a Natural Moisturizer Moisturizing your skin before putting on a mask does two things: It prevents dryness and itchiness that sometimes occur when wearing a tight-fitted mask, and it creates a physical barrier that protects your skin from bacteria. Coconut oil is an excellent skin moisturizer, and it contains lauric acid, which has displayed antibacterial effects. Simply warm coconut oil in your hands and massage it into your skin. Remember that a little goes a long way. You can also add essential oils for acne to your moisturizer for their antibacterial, nourishing properties. Lavender is a gentle, healing option that can be combined with any carrier oil and applied to your face. 4. Go Light on Makeup To get rid of pimples that are popping up under your mask, try going light on your makeup for a while. If you usually apply foundation or bronzer to your nose, cheeks and chin, consider skipping it on the days you’ll wear a mask for an extended period of time. Wearing a mask for a quick trip into the supermarket shouldn’t have a major impact, but if you wear it for many hours and have foundation on underneath, it can trap bacteria into your pores and make your maskne worse. 5. Cut Out Acne-Promoting Foods If you’re experiencing breakouts, even if it’s from mask-wearing, your skin will thank you when you cut out the most common acne-promoting foods. The biggest culprits include sugar, highly processed foods, fried foods, conventional dairy and alcoholic beverages. Be sure to consume plenty of nutrient-rich, colorful and whole foods. Some of the best foods for acne include probiotic-rich foods, high-fiber foods, organic proteins (like grass-fed beef, organic chicken and wild-caught salmon) and foods high in vitamin A (like spinach, kale, carrots and sweet potatoes). 6. Take Probiotics You’ve probably heard of probiotics for digestion and gut health, but what about cystic acne? Research suggests that both oral and topical probiotics hold potential in the treatment of acne, as well as slowing signs of aging skin. 7. Use a Clean Mask Don’t get into the habit of leaving your mask in the car or bag and wearing it again and again throughout the week. Guess what’s happening inside that seemingly clean mask? Bacteria buildup, big time. Then it goes back on your face, re-exposing it to bacteria, moisture and dead skin cells. This is a recipe for acne. If you have a cloth mask, wash it after every use. Maybe get two to three of them so that you can switch it up. If you use disposable masks, grab a new one for a new day. Risks and Side Effects While maskne is proving to be a real thing these days, keep in mind that there are other lifestyle and dietary factors that contribute to breakouts. If you notice pimples in places beyond your nose, cheeks and chin, it may be caused by increased stress, dietary changes or spending too much time in the sun. Either way, many of these preventative measures will work to improve your breakouts, but do make sure to prioritize self-care during these difficult times. Conclusion Maskne is a new term for a condition called acne mechanica. It’s a specific form of acne that’s triggered by friction or pressure on the skin from heavy clothing or protective gear. In this case, it’s caused by wearing a mask or face covering. When you wear a mask for an extended period of time, moisture, oil, dirt and bacteria can build up underneath and cause breakouts around your nose, cheeks and chin. Using gentle, natural approaches for preventing and treating acne will work to ease your maske. Make sure to keep your skin clean, moisturized and makeup-free when possible. Don’t forget about your diet, taking probiotics, and never wearing a dirty or used mask. To read the original article click here. For more articles from Dr. Axe click here.

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Do’s and Don’ts of Fabric COVID-19 Masks and Gloves

AHA Publisher — Wed, 15 Apr 2020 07:00:26 +0000

Dr. Don Colbert – Face masks are now recommended to the general public by the CDC to slow the spread of COVID-19. But, it’s extremely important that they are worn correctly and that social distancing is not ignored while masks are on. Here are the do’s and don’t of COVID-19 masks and gloves. Make sure you’re doing it right to keep yourself and your family safe. Why Wear Masks? As you know the COVID-19 Coronavirus is a novel virus, and we humans do not have immunity to it. This makes it much different than the seasonal flu or other coronaviruses that were not novel. As you know the COVID-19 Coronavirus is a novel virus, and we humans do not have immunity to it. This makes it much different than the seasonal flu or other coronaviruses that were not novel. We now know that COVID-19 is extremely contagious and spreads incredibly fast. The main cause of spread is through airborne droplets, either directly spewed onto us or those lingering in the air. COVID-19 can also be encountered on surfaces and spread to our hands, faces, and bodies. In addition, we also know that COVID-19 is being spread by asymptomatic people. Some individuals simply do not display symptoms, or have very mild symptoms, even when they are infected with COVID-19. Without everyone taking precautions, we simply won’t know who has the virus and who doesn’t until we can all be tested. How Masks Slow the Spread of COVID-19 COVID-19 masks create a barrier to stop, or at least reduce the number of droplets that exit one body from a cough, sneeze, or even talking. In fact, a study from Hong Kong and the University of Maryland found that simple surgical masks, even those that didn’t fit particularly well, blocked 100% of viral droplets and some aerosol particles from infected individuals (compared to when they were not wearing masks). Their 111 participants were infected with influenza, rhinovirus, and mild coronaviruses). When the participant didn’t wear a mask and exhaled, contagious droplets lingered in the air 30% of the time (1). However, since our health care workers desperately need all the surgical masks they can get, the public has resorted to fabric masks. But, do they work? And, what can you do to make them as effective as possible? Do Cloth COVID-19 Masks Work? Studies on different airborne illnesses have found that fabric offers little protection. However, a little protection is still better than no protection IF other recommendations are still followed. One report from 2013 found that surgical masks were 3 times more effective than fabric at stocking the spread of viruses (2). Another study found concluded the same and found that fabric was somewhat effective, even if 3 times less than surgical (3). Why is fabric less protective? Fabric is more porous and allows more droplets through than surgical mask material. What’s more, it can actually “hold” the moisture of a cough or sneeze to you. This may actually be slightly advantageous though, as the droplets are “held” rather than spewed forward, at least slightly decreasing the potential transmission. Most experts agree that fabric masks have the potential to reduce outgoing germs, even if they aren’t effective at stopping incoming germs as well. If everyone wears masks and slows outgoing germs, as a whole, they can be effective. Make Cloth COVID-19 Masks More Effective There are a few ways to make your masks, and wearing them, more effective. Use 2 pieces of fabric sewn together, rather than one layer, for a mask. Do your best to make a mask that is tight-fitting over your mouth and nose. Use heavy cotton or flannel rather than a more breathable fabric to reduce pore size. Avoid touching your face – remove your mask from the back of your head after washing or sanitizing your hands. Wash your mask in hot water, in a washing machine after every excursion into the public if possible. If able to steam clean it in your machine, this can be effective for sterilization (4). When in public, sanitize your hands before and after leaving your car, every time. Continue to social distance at least 6+ feet from others when in public. Continue to stay home as much as possible. If you are sick or showing symptoms, stay home if possible. If you are at high risk for severe COVID-19 symptoms, stay home if possible. Should You Wear Gloves? Gloves are only effective at slowing the spread of the virus when removed and discarded after every surfaced touched. Otherwise, they can spread the virus to your face or other surfaces the same as your hands. If they are thrown away after every pubic surface and/or person encounter, they are effective. If not, you will likely slow the spread more effectively by santizing your hands after every public surface encounter. organisms isolated from coughs of healthy volunteers wearing their homemade mask, a surgical mask, or no mask was compared using several air-sampling techniques. Bottom Line Collectively, fabric COVID-19 masks can slow the spread of COVID-19 in the public from both asymptomatic and symptomatic carriers by reducing outgoing germs. They are not as effective as surgical masks, though, and those at high risk of severe COVID-19 should still stay home if possible to reduce the risk of infection (as should those with COVID-19 or symptoms). In addition, all recommendations for not touching your face, staying home, and social distancing should still be adhered to, whether wearing a mask or not. Frequent handwashing, and santizing hands before and after all public encounters can also reduce infection. To read the original article click here. For more information from Dr. Colbert click here.

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7 Israeli Mask and Face Shield Solutions for Coronavirus

AHA Publisher — Mon, 13 Apr 2020 07:00:42 +0000

Abigail Klein Leichman via Israel21c – Now that we’re all covering our faces to avoid COVID-19, Israeli innovators are stepping up invention of antiviral masks, shields and stickers. It seems like eons since ISRAEL21c first reported on two antiviral facemasks under development in Israel — but it was only January 28. Since then, facemasks of all kinds have become part of everybody’s wardrobe due to the alarming spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic. And in that short time, additional Israeli entrepreneurs and researchers have introduced facemask and face shield inventions we want to tell you about. Let’s begin with an update on that first article highlighting washable masks from Sonovia and from Argaman. Each uses its own proprietary technology to embed microbe-killing metallic particles into textiles. “We can produce now up to 3,000 masks per day,” Shay Hershcovici of Sonovia tells ISRAEL21c. “We hired 120 unemployed factory workers to produce them at Kiryat Motzkin and we are donating the masks with the help of philanthropic supporters,” he says. Healthcare facilities in Nahariya were among the first to receive a consignment of hundreds. “This week we sent 400 masks to a teaching hospital in Germany and donated 400 to be distributed through [Israeli nonprofit aid organization] Latet. The Israeli police forces are receiving an unlimited supply. We have been given personal licenses to keep our offices and factories open and running so that we are able to work safely on this ardent mission.” Sonovia was one of two Israeli companies (the other is CLEW) on Startus Insights’ list of the world’s top five impacting startups in the COVID-19 pandemic. As for Argaman, founder and CEO Jeff Gabbay tells ISRAEL21c that one country has bought treated fabric from Argaman to make 1 million Bio-Block layered masks and other deals are in the works. A slightly different approach is offered by MedCu Technologies, which leverages the antimicrobial properties of oxygenated copper to make advanced wound dressings. Now, MedCu has signed a contract with Chinese Ministry of Health subsidiary Shanghai Medical Technology to manufacture and distribute copper-embedded facemasks. The self-sterilizing, viral-deactivating facemask technology will also be marketed to other countries. “Studies show that 99.99 percent of the viruses that came in contact with our mask were destroyed in only 30 minutes,” said MedCu microbiologist Gadi Borochov. Facemask manufacturers can use MedCu’s copper-treated polypropylene fabric, made in Israel and elsewhere, as a replacement for the inner and outer layers of their products. “It’s a plug-and-play technology that can be used to add antiviral properties to any surgical or N95 mask,” MedCu CEO and cofounder Danny Lustiger tells ISRAEL21c. When the masks are disposed after wearing out – usually a few days – they pose no environmental hazard because any viral particles on them are neutralized. MedCu is in discussions with other manufacturers around the globe and will open a factory in Israel to supply the local market. “The demand today is endless,” says Lustiger. “The entire Western world is looking for masks now as a way for people to start going back to work while being protected from exposure to the virus.” Antiviral Sticker for Surgical Masks A new antiviral sticker that attaches to regular surgical masks is being tested at Galilee Medical Center in Nahariya, as we reported on April 2. The 3D-printed “Maya” sticker contains nanometric fibers coated with antiseptics. They trap the viral particles and neutralize them. The sticker was developed through a partnership between Prof. Eyal Zussman of the Nano-Engineering Lab at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and Dr. Dan Greenstein’s COVID-19 National Emergency Team of the Defense Ministry’s Directorate of Defense R&D, in collaboration with Dr. Samer Srouji, chief of oral surgery at Galilee Medical Center. “This is an available and fast solution based on sophisticated technology. We hope that the pilot project will succeed and that this unique innovation will be introduced to many other hospitals around the country,” said Srouji. ViriMASK Preorders are now being accepted for the ViriMASK Protective Oculo-Respirator we reported about on March 15. Developed by Israeli physician and serial medical-device inventor Dr. Noam Gavriely, ViriMASK is strapped around the head, covering the eyes with a see-through visor and the nose and mouth with a filtering mechanism that blocks viruses including COVID-19. The wearable part can be washed or disinfected for reuse. The filters must be replaced after 12 hours of use and disposed into a special envelope containing disinfectant. On April 5, Gavriely’s company opened a factory in Tirat Carmel to produce the filters. Preorders should start shipping at the end of April. A grant from the Israeli Innovative Authority will help expedite commercialization. Each mask costs $69, including a pack of two filters and disposal envelopes. Additional filter-envelope packs of 10 cost $39. Two sizes (for men and women) are available. Gavriely tells ISRAEL21c that our article led to inquiries from many countries, including Bangladesh and Tanzania. 3D-Printed Face Shields for Healthcare Workers Reusable 3D-printed face shields for healthcare workers are now being manufactured through a philanthropic initiative of 3D printing firm Stratasys, co-headquartered in Rehovot (Israel) and Minnesota. Made of biocompatible materials, the adjustable shields can be disassembled, disinfected and sterilized between uses. Stratasys formed a coalition with more than 150 US companies and universities to fill requests for hundreds of thousands of shields from hospitals and other healthcare organizations. The first hospital shipment went out on March 25. In Israel, the protective face shields are being made in partnership Synergy3DMed, IT company Matrix and plastics manufacturer Su-Pad. Stratasys made the design files public so that the face shields can be produced anywhere. For the longer term, Stratasys is developing antiviral facemasks that will meet regulatory guidelines. Another philanthropic 3D-printed face shield initiative was launched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by Massivit 3D Printing Technologies of Lod in partnership with its more than 100 customers and distributors worldwide. Massivit 3D’s unique, high-speed additive manufacturing technology can produce 200 shields in every eight-hour shift. Massivit face shields are currently being produced for healthcare workers in Italy, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, the United States, Canada, Belgium, Thailand and Australia. Partners in the project receive a free supply of Massivit’s proprietary 3D printing gel. Like Stratasys, Massivithas made public the optimized 3D print files for its face shields. “We became aware of the dire shortage of personal protective equipment worldwide and the urgent need to help medical teams protect themselves,” said Massivit 3D’s CEO, Erez Zimerman.“Our team is proud to be able to offer significant help during this difficult period. All our efforts are now dedicated to this cause.” To read the original article click here. For more articles from Israel21c click here.

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8 COVID-19 Myths

AHA Publisher — Mon, 06 Apr 2020 07:00:42 +0000

Dr. Don Colbert – In the age of information, it’s challenging to keep everything straight with any disease, even those that have been around for centuries. As for a new virus unknown to humans before? Almost impossible. There’s a lot of information out there, and unfortunately, a lot of it is misinformation and COVID-19 myths. In fact, due to the rapid onset of this pandemic, and even the possible mutations of the virus itself, information has been false, or at least not currently. Here are 8 COVID-19 myths as we know at this time. As you continue to follow recommendations and information online, be sure to look for up-to-date postings. 8 COVID-19 Myths 1. MYTH: COVID-19 IS NO WORSE THAN THE SEASONAL FLU There were many initial reports pointing out how many die every year from flu to reduce worry about COVID-19. However, we now know that COVID-19 has a higher transmissibility rate and a higher case fatality rate – about 10-20 times that of the seasonal flu. And, the bigger issue is our lack of established immunity as humans. The COVID-19 virus is a novel coronavirus; it was not previously found in humans, but only animals. As humans, we don’t have an immunity to it, so it’s more difficult for our bodies to respond quickly enough to fight the initial infection and/or progression of it. 2. MYTH: SENIORS AND THE ELDERLY ARE THE ONLY PEOPLE WHO SHOULD TAKE EXTRA PRECAUTIONS. While the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions are a risk of being most severely sick, people of all ages can become sick with COVID-19. Although a lot of initial data indicated that only a very low percentage of children get COVID-19 (<1% in China) (1), many now think that their symptoms were simply so mild they were not suspected of having it, but may have passed it onto others. What’s more, infants under 1 year of age had about the same mortality rate as the elderly in at least one study on the Chinese population. Since children may be able to spread this coronavirus without even showing symptoms (see below), and can still potentially face difficult symptoms, everyone should take precautions no matter their age. 3. MYTH: YOU’RE CONTAGIOUS ONLY IF YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS. This is one of the biggest issues to containing the spread of COVID-19; there are generally several days between contracting the virus and showing symptoms, and you can spread it before symptoms start. What’s more, some people will never have symptoms even though they are carrying the virus, and they can still transfer it to others. In fact, it’s now estimated that up to 10% of the cases in China were transmitted by someone who never had symptoms (2). 4. MYTH: THE VIRUS WILL DISAPPEAR WHEN IT GETS WARMER. While this virus does seem to thrive in colder, dryer environments, there’s no great evidence that it will die off due to warmer weather. Unfortunately, there are known cases in warm environments around the world already. 5. MYTH: STAYING AT HOME IS NECESSARY ONLY IF YOU’RE SICK. Earlier in the pandemic, the recommendation was to stay home if you had symptoms. Now that we know you can carry and spread COVID-19 even if you don’t have symptoms, it’s imperative that almost everyone stays home to stop the spread. As we avoid physical contact and close proximity with anyone outside our home, we’re hoping to reduce transmission from airborne particles from spittle, sneezes, coughs, etc. 6. MYTH: EVERYONE’S SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19 ARE SIMILAR. While the COVID-19 virus is especially harmful to the respiratory system, the reported symptoms and severity of each have varied widely. Many people experience headaches, muscle aches, and fever. For others, it’s almost entirely respiratory symptoms. At least one study has stated that approximately 50% of 200 patients studied in the original Wuhan China outbreak also experience gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea (3). 7. MYTH: COVID-19 ONLY LIVES IN THE AIR MINUTES AFTER A SNEEZE OR COUGH After a sneeze of a cough, the COVID-19 virus can actually live in the air for up to 3 hours. In fact, scientists have confirmed that it is detectable in aerosols for hours. Think about that. Hours before you enter a store or building, the virus could be coughed into the air and still be there when you breathe it. What’s more, it can live on cardboard for a day, and plastic and stainless steel for 3 days. The amount of virus does diminish on the surface over these timeframes (4). While there’s not much you can do about what happens to the air hours before you arrive somewhere, here’s what you can do: Stay home as much as possible to minimize your risk If you’re at high risk of severe symptoms, wear a mask Wear gloves or sanitize your hands before and after all interactions with public surfaces and spaces 8. MYTH: ONCE YOU’VE HAD COVID-19, YOU ARE SAFE AND WILL NOT GET IT AGAIN. Unfortunately, this is not known for sure. But, experts suspect that immunity to COVID-19 is similar to other common coronavirus colds, and is likely short-term. The takeaway? Even if you’ve have COVID-19 and are recovered, still practice all the same precautions as are recommended for everyone else. Stay home. Practice social distancing. Wash hands and sanitize. Bottom Line While a lot of the truth that’s coming out from new studies is scary, the more correct information we have the better equipped we are to avoid and fight this virus. COVID-19 myths are rampant, but the recommendations are clear. Stay home, wash hands, and sanitize. Stay diligent and don’t let up your precautions. To read the original article click here. For more articles from Dr. Colbert click here.

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