screens before bed Archives - Amazing Health Advances

How Bedtime Screen Use Affects Sleep in Early Adolescents

The AHA! Team — Thu, 05 Sep 2024 08:02:43 +0000

Dr. Sushama R. Chaphalkar, PhD. via News-Medical – In a recent study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, researchers investigate the potential link between bedtime screen use in early adolescents and sleep outcomes after one year. Overall, bedtime screen use was associated with shorter sleep durations and increased sleep disturbances one year later in early adolescence. How does screentime affect sleep? Research shows that screen use, which includes television, computers, and mobile phones, increases during early adolescence between the ages of 10 and 15 years and has been associated with academic, mental health, and sleep issues. Adequate sleep is vital for adolescents’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive development. In fact, early sleep problems can be used to predict behavioral and emotional concerns, as well as weight gain later in life. Most studies on screen use and sleep are cross-sectional in design and focus on daily rather than bedtime use. Studies from Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Norway reported that bedtime screen use negatively impacts sleep; however, these studies were associated with several limitations. Likewise, the United States Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study recently reported that bedtime screen use was associated with sleep disturbances; however, the cross-sectional nature of this study prevented the researchers from establishing causality. About the study The present study included 9,398 participants between 11 and 12 years of age with complete data from the ABCD study. About 48% of the study participants were female, 45% were non-White, and the average age was 12. Screen usage around bedtime was assessed using a nine-item survey that included various screen activities, device presence, and phone usage at bedtime. The activities included gaming, social media use, texting, video calling, internet browsing, and watching movies, videos, or television. Overall screen usage data were collected through the Youth Screen Time Survey, which calculated average daily screen time. In years two and three of the ABCD study, caregivers assessed sleep disturbance using a 26-item measure, which calculated an overall sleep-wake disturbance score and subscale score for disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep. Sleep duration was assessed using the Munich Chronotype questionnaire, which calculated the weighted average sleep duration. Confounding data on sex, race/ethnicity, age, household income, parent education, study site, melatonin use, adverse childhood experiences, and depression symptoms were also collected. Statistical analysis involved using logistic, ordinal logistic, multiple linear regression models, and propensity weights. Study findings About 63% of participants had a television or electronic device in their bedroom, whereas 54.9% turned off their phones before going to sleep. In one week, 16.2% were woken by phone calls or messages, whereas 19.3% used a device if they woke up at night. Bedtime screen behaviors increased from years two to three. Having a television or electronic device in the bedroom was associated with shorter weekly sleep duration. While leaving the phone’s ringer on was associated with increased sleep disturbances and shorter sleep durations, putting the ringer on silent or vibrate was associated with shorter sleep durations. Using electronic devices before bed was associated with shorter weekly sleep durations and greater sleep disturbances. Specific activities like talking on the phone, texting, playing music, and using social media were associated with increased sleep disturbances and more severe insomnia. Total daily recreational screentime was also related to sleep disturbances and shorter sleep durations, although to a lesser extent. Being woken by phone calls or texts and using devices during the night were both associated with reduced sleep durations and increased sleep disturbances. Although bedtime screen use did not affect changes in sleep duration over time, total screen time and playing music before bed were associated with higher sleep disturbance scores. Important strengths of the current study include the large and diverse study cohort, strong external validity, and a prospective design focusing on early adolescents. However, the study findings are subject to potential recall, social desirability, and selection biases. Furthermore, the current study did not include details on screen use context, changes in screen use patterns, and sleep disturbance classifications. Conclusions The study findings emphasize the urgent need for clinicians to address bedtime screen use among adolescents. Moreover, the researchers suggest that parents should implement strategies like a ‘Family Media Use Plan’ to limit screen time before bed. These observations provide important insights into the potential benefits of reducing bedtime screen use for improving sleep. Future studies should explore the mechanisms that contribute to this association, use objective measures, and assess how bedtime screen use impacts sleep as adolescents age. Journal reference: Nagata, J. M., Cheng, C. M., Shim, J., et al. (2024). Bedtime Screen Use Behaviors and Sleep Outcomes in Early Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Adolescent Health. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.006 To read the original article click here.

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Getting More Sleep Reduces Caloric Intake, a Game Changer for Weight Loss Programs

AHA Publisher — Tue, 08 Feb 2022 08:00:12 +0000

University of Chicago Medical Center via Newswise – Understanding the underlying causes of obesity and how to prevent it is the best way to fight the obesity epidemic, according to Esra Tasali, MD, Director of the UChicago Sleep Center at the University of Chicago Medicine. “The current obesity epidemic, according to experts, is mostly explained by an increase in caloric intake, rather than lack of exercise” she said. Now, a new study on how getting sufficient sleep affects caloric intake in a real-world setting could change how we think about weight loss. In a randomized clinical trial with 80 adults, published February 7 in JAMA Internal Medicine, Tasali and her colleagues at UChicago and the University of Wisconsin–Madison found that young, overweight adults who habitually slept fewer than 6.5 hours a night were able to increase their sleep duration by an average of 1.2 hours per night after a personalized sleep hygiene counseling session. The sleep intervention was intended to extend time in bed duration to 8.5 hours — and the increased sleep duration compared to controls also reduced participants’ overall caloric intake by an average of 270 kcal (calories) per day. “Over the years, we and others have shown that sleep restriction has an effect on appetite regulation that leads to increased food intake, and thus puts you at risk for weight gain over time,” said Tasali. “More recently, the question that everyone was asking was, ‘Well, if this is what happens with sleep loss, can we extend sleep and reverse some of these adverse outcomes?” The new study not only examines the effects of sleep extension on caloric intake but, importantly, does so in a real-world setting, with no manipulation or control over participants’ dietary habits. Participants slept in their own beds, tracked their sleep with wearable devices, and otherwise followed their normal lifestyle without any instructions on diet or exercise. “Most other studies on this topic in labs are short-lived, for a couple of days, and food intake is measured by how much participants consume from an offered diet,” said Tasali. “In our study, we only manipulated sleep, and had the participants eat whatever they wanted, with no food logging or anything else to track their nutrition by themselves.” Instead, to objectively track participants’ caloric intake, investigators relied on the “doubly labeled water” method and change in energy stores. This urine-based test involves a person drinking water in which both the hydrogen and oxygen atoms have been replaced with less common, but naturally occurring, stable isotopes that are easy to trace. The use of this technique in humans was pioneered by the study’s senior author Dale A. Schoeller, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Nutritional Sciences at UW–Madison. “This is considered the gold standard for objectively measuring daily energy expenditure in a non-laboratory, real-world setting and it has changed the way human obesity is studied,” said Schoeller. Overall, individuals who increased their sleep duration were able to reduce their caloric intake by an average of 270 kcal per day – which would translate to roughly 12 kg, or 26 lbs., of weight loss over three years if the effects were maintained over a long term. Perhaps the most surprising aspect of the study was the intervention’s simplicity. “We saw that after just a single sleep counseling session, participants could change their bedtime habits enough to lead to an increase in sleep duration,” said Tasali. “We simply coached each individual on good sleep hygiene, and discussed their own personal sleep environments, providing tailored advice on changes they could make to improve their sleep duration. Importantly, to blind participants to sleep intervention, recruitment materials did not mention sleep intervention, allowing us to capture true habitual sleep patterns at baseline.” Even though the study did not systematically assess factors that may have influenced sleep behavior, “limiting the use of electronic devices before bedtime appeared as a key intervention,” said Tasali. Following just a single counseling session, participants increased their average sleep duration by over an hour a night. Despite prescribing no other lifestyle changes, most participants had a large decrease in how much they ate, with some participants eating as many as 500 fewer calories per day. The subjects were only involved in the study for a total of four weeks, with two weeks for gathering baseline information about sleep and caloric intake, followed by two weeks to monitor the effects of the sleep intervention. “This was not a weight-loss study,” said Tasali. “But even within just two weeks, we have quantified evidence showing a decrease in caloric intake and a negative energy balance — caloric intake is less than calories burned. If healthy sleep habits are maintained over longer duration, this would lead to clinically important weight loss over time. Many people are working hard to find ways to decrease their caloric intake to lose weight — well, just by sleeping more, you may be able to reduce it substantially.” Ultimately, Tasali and her team hope to examine the underlying mechanisms that may explain these results, and believe this work should spur new, larger studies on weight control to determine if extending sleep can support weight-loss programs and help prevent or reverse obesity. “In our earlier work, we understood that sleep is important for appetite regulation,” said Tasali. “Now we’ve shown that in real life, without making any other lifestyle changes, you can extend your sleep and eat fewer calories. This could really help people trying to lose weight.” The study, “Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults with Overweight in Real-Life Settings,” was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Diabetes Research and Training Center at UChicago (R01DK100426, CTSA-UL1 TR0002389, and ULTR002389). Additional authors include Kristen Wroblewski, Eva Kahn, and Jennifer Kilkus of UChicago and Dale A. Schoeller of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. To read the original story click here.

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