Eye Health Archives - Amazing Health Advances

Eye Cells “Rewire” Themselves When Vision Begins to Fail

The AHA! Team — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 05:19:44 +0000

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences via Newswise – Mouse study reveals how retinal neurons adapt by forming new connections during early stages of inherited blindness Retinal cells can rewire themselves Scientists at the Jules Stein Eye Institute at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA have discovered that certain retinal cells can rewire themselves when vision begins to deteriorate in retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease that leads to progressive blindness. In a study using mouse models, researchers found that rod bipolar cells, neurons that normally receive signals from rods that provide night vision, can form new functional connections with cones that provide daytime vision when their usual partners stop working. The study appears in Current Biology. Why it matters Retinitis pigmentosa affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of inherited blindness. While the disease often progresses slowly, with some patients maintaining a surprising amount of usable vision into middle age, little is known about how retinal circuits adapt to cell loss. Understanding these natural adaptation mechanisms could reveal new targets for treatments aimed at preserving vision. What the study did Researchers used rhodopsin knockout mice that model early retinitis pigmentosa, where rod cells cannot respond to light and degeneration proceeds slowly. They made electrical recordings from individual rod bipolar cells, neurons that normally connect to rods, to see how these cells behaved when their usual input was lost. The team also used additional mouse models lacking different components of rod signaling to determine what triggers the rewiring process. They supported their single-cell findings with whole-retina electrical measurements. What they found Rod bipolar cells in mice lacking functional rods showed large-amplitude responses driven by cone cells instead of their normal rod inputs. These rewired responses were strong and had the expected electrical characteristics of cone-driven signals. The rewiring occurred specifically in mice with rod degeneration, but not in other mouse models that lacked rod light responses without actual cell death. This suggests that the cellular rewiring is triggered by the degeneration process itself, rather than simply the absence of light responses or broken synapses. The findings complement the research team’s previous 2023 work showing that individual cone cells can remain functional even after severe structural changes in later disease stages. Together, these studies reveal that retinal circuits maintain function through different adaptation mechanisms at various stages of disease progression. The research shows that retinal adaptation occurs through different mechanisms at various disease stages, which could help scientists identify new targets for preserving vision in patients with inherited retinal diseases. From the experts “Our findings show that the retina adapts to the loss of rods in ways that attempt to preserve daytime light sensitivity in the retina,” said senior author A.P. Sampath, PhD of the UCLA Stein Eye Institute. “When the usual connections between rod bipolar cells and rods are lost, these cells can rewire themselves to receive signals from cones instead. The signal for this plasticity appears to be degeneration itself, perhaps through the role of glial support cells or factors released by dying cells.” What’s next One of the open questions is whether this rewiring represents a general mechanism used by the retina when rods die. The group is currently exploring this possibility with other mutant mice that carry mutations to rhodopsin and other rod proteins that are known to cause retinitis pigmentosa in humans. About the study Published in Current Biology (2025). “Photoreceptor degeneration induces homeostatic rewiring of rod bipolar cells.” DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.057 About the Research Team Paul J. Bonezzi, Rikard Frederiksen, Annabelle N. Tran, Kyle Kim, Gordon L. Fain, and Alapakkam P. Sampath from the Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. Paul J. Bonezzi and Rikard Frederiksen contributed equally to this work. Funding and Disclosures This work was supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health USA (EY36811 and EY01844) and an unrestricted grant by Research to Prevent Blindness to the UCLA Department of Ophthalmology. The authors have no disclosures. To read the original article click here.

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New Drug Shows Promise in Restoring Vision for People with Nerve Damage

The AHA! Team — Fri, 04 Apr 2025 05:24:11 +0000

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus via EurekAlert! – Research from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus reveals drug could potentially help repair vision in those with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions. Researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have found a promising drug candidate that could help restore vision in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions that damage neurons. The study was published this week in the journal Nature Communications. The drug, LL-341070, enhances the brain’s ability to repair damaged myelin— the protective sheath around nerve fibers. Damage to myelin is a hallmark of diseases like MS, as well as a natural consequence of aging, often resulting in vision loss, loss of motor skills, and cognitive decline. The research, focused on vision, demonstrated that while the brain has some ability to repair itself when myelin is damaged, the process can be slow and inefficient. Researchers observed that LL-341070 significantly accelerated the repair process and improved brain function related to vision in mice, even after severe damage. “This research brings us closer to a world where the brain has the capacity to heal itself” “This research brings us closer to a world where the brain has the capacity to heal itself” said Ethan Hughes, PhD, co-lead author and associate professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at the CU School of Medicine. “By harnessing this potential, we hope to help people with diseases like MS by potentially reversing some of the damage, offering people the opportunity to regain their vision and cognitive function.” Researchers discovered that the treatment makes the repair process is much more effective following serious damage, highlighting the importance of intervention with severe injury. Even partial repair of myelin was found to significantly improve vision-related brain functions. “We’ve known for years that myelin plays a crucial role in brain function” “We’ve known for years that myelin plays a crucial role in brain function,” said Daniel Denman, PhD, co-lead author of the study and assistant professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the CU School of Medicine. “This study highlights the role of cortical myelin in visual function. The drug could be a game-changer because it accelerates the brain’s natural repair mechanisms.” The researchers plan to test the drug in other areas of the brain and refine the treatment, hoping to make it even more effective and eventually accessible to patients. “This discovery is just the beginning,” Hughes said. “We are optimistic that LL-341070 and similar therapies could one day provide real, tangible benefits to patients by improving overall brain function and quality of life.” About the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus is a world-class medical destination at the forefront of transformative science, medicine, education and patient care. The campus encompasses the University of Colorado health professional schools, more than 60 centers and institutes and two nationally ranked independent hospitals – UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital and Children’s Hospital Colorado – which see more than two million adult and pediatric patient visits yearly. Innovative, interconnected and highly collaborative, the CU Anschutz Medical Campus delivers life-changing treatments, patient care and professional training and conducts world-renowned research fueled by $910 million in annual research funding, including $757 million in sponsored awards and $153 million in philanthropic gifts. Journal Nature Communications To read the original article click here.

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Grapes: A Simple Fruit with an Impressive List of Health Benefits

The AHA! Team — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 06:34:26 +0000

Olivia Cook via Natural News – Grapes have been cherished by civilizations for thousands of years. From ancient Egyptians and Greeks to modern-day tables, grapes have been enjoyed fresh from the vine, freeze-dried, pressed into juice or fermented into wine, symbolizing abundance and life. The ability of grapes to thrive in various climates – from warm Mediterranean regions to colder winters – makes them a constant presence year-round. But beyond their history and versatility, grapes are a nutritional powerhouse that offer an impressive list of health benefits. Often called “nature’s candy” for their natural sweetness, grapes are packed with nutrients that can help protect your body from a wide range of health conditions. They contain a mix of natural phytocompounds, essential vitamins, minerals and antioxidants – all of which work together to support overall health. Rich in nutrients A cup of grapes (about 151 grams) provides vitamin K (18 percent of your daily value or DV), which plays a key role in blood clotting and bone health. You’ll also get a dose of vitamin C (five percent of DV), known for its immune-boosting properties and vitamin E (two percent of DV), which supports skin health and acts as an antioxidant. The B vitamins in grapes, including thiamine (B1, riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6), help your body convert food into energy, support brain health and maintain proper function of the nervous system. Grapes are also an excellent source of minerals such as copper (21 percent of DV), essential for the formation of red blood cells, potassium (six percent of DV, which helps control blood pressure and manganese (five percent of DV), crucial for bone health and metabolism. Antioxidant powerhouse One of the key reasons grapes are so beneficial for health is their high concentration of antioxidants. These naturally occurring compounds play a vital role in protecting your cells from damage caused by harmful molecules known as free radicals. When free radicals accumulate, they can lead to oxidative stress, which is linked to chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and even cancer. What makes grapes particularly remarkable is that they contain over 1,600 different plant compounds, many of which have potent antioxidant properties. These include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, polyphenols, proanthocyanidins and stilbenes – names you might not hear every day, but they are critical for keeping your body’s cells healthy. The antioxidants in grapes are largely found in their skins and seeds, which is why you often hear that red grapes (and red wine are particularly good for you. Red grapes owe their rich color to anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid that gives fruits their vibrant blue, orange, pink, red and purple hues. Grapes also contain two highly praised antioxidants – resveratrol (stilbene) and quercetin (flavonol). These compounds have been studied for their potential to lower blood sugar, protect against heart disease and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. Resveratrol, in particular, has gained attention for its anti-aging properties as it helps to reduce inflammation and protect your cells from damage. Supports brain health and cognitive function A 12-week study published in Frontiers in Pharmacology involving more than 100 older adults found that a daily grape supplement of 250 mg led to notable improvements in attention, language skills and memory. In younger adults, research in the European Journal of Nutrition demonstrated that consuming 230 ml of grape juice accelerated memory-related tasks and enhanced mood within just 20 minutes. Additionally, a study in Scientific Reports suggests that resveratrol may reduce brain inflammation and help eliminate amyloid-beta peptide – a protein associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Helps combat cancer Grapes are rich in potent antioxidants like anthocyanins, catechins and quercetin, which help combat cancer. Research has shown promising results, with a study published in Translational Oncology revealing that grape extracts can inhibit the growth and spread of human breast and colon cancer cells in lab tests and animal studies. Human trials also show encouraging outcomes. In a study published in Nutrition Journal, adults over 50 who consumed 150 to 450 grams of grapes daily for two weeks exhibited a reduction in markers associated with colon cancer risk. Further evidence highlights the benefits of polyphenol proanthocyanidins – compounds in grapes that offer protection against cancers of the bladder, cervix, liver and prostate. This was supported by findings from a 2022 study published in Foods. Another standout antioxidant, resveratrol, has demonstrated the ability to interfere with all stages of cancer development. A 2023 review published in Nutrients suggests that resveratrol, present in both red grapes and red wine, lowers the risk of cancers like breast cancer, colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma – making moderate red wine consumption a potentially protective habit. Supports heart health Research shows that grapes can support cardiovascular function in several ways. Grapes are a good source of potassium, offering about six percent of your daily needs in just one cup. Potassium is essential for regulating blood pressure; it helps relax blood vessels – allowing blood to flow more easily and reducing the strain on your heart. In addition to that, potassium helps your body get rid of excess sodium, further protecting against high blood pressure. However, balance is key; a review of 32 studies published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that both too much and too little potassium could increase blood pressure. Grapes are also rich in polyphenols that help protect against high cholesterol. Studies have shown that these compounds can lower LDL (bad) cholesterol by decreasing its absorption in the intestines. An 8-week study involving people with high cholesterol found that consuming 3 cups of red grapes daily significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. Interestingly, white grapes didn’t have the same effect, likely because red grapes have higher concentrations of resveratrol. Reduces insulin resistance Moreover, grapes contain compounds that may enhance insulin sensitivity, A review of 29 studies published in Phytotherapy Research found that both grapes and grape supplements significantly reduced insulin resistance – partly due to resveratrol, which helps by boosting glucose receptor activity on cell membranes; enhancing insulin production; increasing insulin sensitivity; lowering insulin resistance and protecting insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Supports gut health With grapes containing 81 percent water, they are a great choice for staying hydrated and supporting regular digestion. Proper hydration helps maintain smooth bowel movements and can reduce the risk of constipation, which is often characterized by infrequent stools and a sense of incomplete evacuation. The fiber found in whole grapes is also another digestive booster. Unlike fruit juices, whole fruits like grapes are known to help alleviate constipation by speeding up the passage of stool through the digestive tract – increasing stool weight and promoting more frequent bowel movements. A study published in Frontiers in Nutrition indicates that a higher intake of fruits like grapes can positively impact gut health by influencing gut bacteria, improving stool consistency and boosting stood frequency, which can be especially beneficial for those experiencing functional constipation. Supports eye health Grapes are packed with beneficial plant compounds that promote eye health, including provitamin A carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and a bit of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). These nutrients work together to improve visual performance, maintain eye health and help prevent age-related eye diseases, Research published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences highlights the protective effects of resveratrol on retinal cells against ultraviolet A (UVA) light. This protection may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration – a leading cause of vision loss. Additionally, a review in Nutrients suggests that resveratrol may offer protection against eye conditions, such as cataracts, diabetic eye disease and glaucoma. Read more stories like this at SuperFood.news. Learn how grapes affect your body by watching the video here. This video is from the Daily Videos channel on Brighteon.com. More related stories: Grapes: Versatile fruit with health benefits. How eating red grapes can help fight off cancer. Study: Resveratrol, a compound found in grapes, can protect against cognitive decline. Sources include: DPI.Wi.gov FDC.NAL.USDA.gov TandFonline.com – PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 1 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 1 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 2 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 3 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 4 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 2 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 5 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 3 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 4 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 5 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 6 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 6 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 7 PubMed.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 8 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 7 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 8 NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov 9 Brighteon.com To read the original article, click here

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Daily Pistachio Consumption Linked to Improved Eye Health

The AHA! Team — Tue, 03 Dec 2024 06:23:49 +0000

American Pistachio Growers via News-Medical – A new study from researchers at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University has found that consuming pistachios daily may significantly improve eye health by increasing macular pigment optical density (MPOD), due to the plant pigment lutein, a key factor in protecting the eyes from blue (visible) light and age-related damage. The randomized controlled trial showed that compared to eating a usual diet alone, eating 2 ounces (57 grams) of pistachios per day for 12 weeks as part of a usual diet resulted in a significant increase in MPOD in otherwise healthy middle-aged to older adults. MPOD is an important indicator of eye health, as it protects the retina and is linked to a reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in older adults. Findings from this research are timely, as according to a national poll by the American Foundation for the Blind, Americans fear vision loss more than they fear other serious health problems. Key findings Increased MPOD: Participants who consumed pistachios daily saw a significant rise in MPOD after just 6 weeks, with the effect sustained throughout the 12-week study. Natural Lutein Source: Pistachios are the only nut that provides a measurable source of lutein, a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the eyes. AMD Prevention Potential: The study suggests that regular pistachio consumption could offer a natural dietary approach to reducing the risk of AMD. “Our findings indicate that pistachios are not only a nutritious snack, but they may also provide significant benefits for eye health. This is especially important as people age and face higher risks of vision impairment.” Dr. Tammy Scott, a research and clinical neuropsychologist and lead author of the study Unique role of lutein from pistachios and eye health Lutein, found in pistachios, plays a critical role in maintaining eye health by filtering blue light and acting as an antioxidant in the eye. The study found that pistachio consumption nearly doubled participants’ daily intake of lutein, which is typically very low in most American diets, and significantly raised plasma levels of lutein. Dr. Scott explains that in the study, participants were selected to have low habitual baseline lutein intakes in their diet and just 2 ounces per day rapidly increased lutein levels in the blood in only 6 weeks. “By simply incorporating a handful of pistachios into your diet, you can improve your intake of lutein, which is crucial for protecting your eyes,” notes Dr. Scott. She adds that pistachios provide a source of healthy fat, potentially making the lutein from pistachios better taken up into the body. In the study, about 1.6 mg of lutein was provided from pistachios, which would be enough to double the average daily consumption of lutein, which is in a class of plant pigments known as xanthophylls, in U.S. adults. Broader health benefits of lutein Beyond supporting eye health, the lutein found in pistachios may also benefit brain function. “Lutein crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,” notes Dr. Elizabeth Johnson, a co-investigator on the study. As with the eye, lutein selectively accumulates in the brain and may play a role in reducing cognitive decline. Studies suggest higher lutein levels are associated with better cognitive performance, including memory and processing speed, making pistachios a valuable addition to a diet aimed at supporting overall healthy aging. Source: American Pistachio Growers Journal reference: Scott, T. M., et al. (2024). Pistachio consumption increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition. doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.022. To read the original article click here.

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LASIK: What You Need to Know

The AHA! Team — Mon, 28 Oct 2024 05:04:15 +0000

Kourtney H. Houser, MD via Duke Health – Chances are, you know someone who has had LASIK surgery, or you may have considered the procedure yourself. Despite the allure of ditching daily eyewear, the decision to undergo this elective surgery is one most people understandably deliberate on for quite a while. Here, Duke corneal specialist Kourtney Houser. MD, explains what you need to know if you are considering LASIK surgery. Is LASIK as quick, easy, and painless as it’s sometimes described? Make no mistake — LASIK is surgery, and anyone who implies otherwise is not forthcoming. The surgeon creates a flap in the cornea, and a laser is used to reshape the underlying cornea. The surgery takes less than ten minutes, and patients feel pressure but no pain. However, that does not mean it is a simple procedure that just anyone can perform. Like any surgery, the experience of the surgeon is the most important factor in achieving the best results. What factors are important when considering LASIK? In addition to the surgeon’s experience, several elements are crucial to success with LASIK surgery. It starts with a thorough preoperative exam by a qualified surgeon and staff to ensure you are a good candidate. The quality of the surgical tools, such as the laser used, is also very important. We believe that having dedicated, on-site laser machines in a controlled operating room environment, where temperature and humidity are constantly monitored, contributes to better outcomes in our patients. We also have two different excimer laser platforms so that we can customize the procedure to each patient’s eye measurements and ensure the best vision possible. What complications are possible, and how common are they? Any eye procedure has a risk of vision loss, infection, or scarring, but thankfully this is very rare with LASIK. We actually think that the infection risk is less than that with contact lens wear over a patient’s lifetime, based on some reviews. Other risks include needing a second procedure, worsened dry eye, and development of pain or discomfort in the eyes, but most of these can be avoided by appropriate and in-depth pre-operative screening. Our rate of complications is extremely low, with the majority of them occurring less than 1% of the time. Our rates of enhancement (the need for additional laser adjustments) are under 2%. Who is not a good candidate for LASIK? Good question. There are people who are not candidates for LASIK surgery. In fact, I generally turn down roughly 20% of the prospective patients who come in for an evaluation. Some of the more common reasons include high refractive errors (nearsightedness or farsightedness), dry eyes, thin or abnormally shaped corneas, cataracts, and retinal problems from diabetes. The good news is that if you do not qualify for LASIK, Duke offers an array of alternative surgical procedures, such as PRK, phakic intraocular lenses, and cataract surgery with presbyopia- or astigmatism-correcting intraocular lenses. How long do improvements last? Improvements typically last a lifetime, though there can be some slight regression with time depending on your prescription. Also, most patients will develop a need for reading glasses as they reach their 40s and 50s–and while this doesn’t signify the LASIK “not working” anymore, it does usually require patients to wear glasses for some near tasks. What’s the bottom line when considering LASIK? LASIK is not for everybody, but those who are good candidates can experience a life-changing experience–independence from glasses or contact lenses and the freedom to see without correction for many years. As with any surgery, people should do their homework beforehand and choose a surgeon and facility in which they have confidence. To read the original article click here.

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Little-Known Berry Shows Promise for Eye Health and Beyond

The AHA! Team — Mon, 07 Oct 2024 08:17:29 +0000

Patrick Tims via NaturalHealth365 – Nestled in the forests of Europe and North America lies a tiny berry with outsized health benefits. The bilberry, a close cousin of the blueberry, is emerging as a nutritional powerhouse that could revolutionize our approach to wellness and disease prevention. Often overlooked in favor of more common foods, this small, dark fruit packs a powerful punch when it comes to health benefits. Recent studies have uncovered a treasure trove of potential advantages, from boosting metabolism to safeguarding vision and even combating chronic diseases. Promising research: Bilberry extract and fish oil for severe dry eye relief This study investigated the effects of a dietary supplement containing bilberry extract and fish oil on severe dry eye symptoms. The research involved 24 subjects with severe dry eye symptoms, split evenly into intervention and control groups. The intervention group took a daily supplement containing 600 mg bilberry extract and 240 mg DHA-refined fish oil for 3 months, while the control group did not take any supplements. The study used several measurements to assess eye health: The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score: A questionnaire that measures how much discomfort a person experiences from dry eyes. Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT): A test that shows how quickly the tear film on the eye’s surface starts to break up, indicating how stable and effective the tears are. Phenol red thread test (PRT): A simple way to measure how much moisture the eye produces. Percentage of meibomian gland openings: This checks the health of glands that produce oils essential for preventing tear evaporation. These tests together provide a comprehensive picture of eye health and the severity of dry eye symptoms. After 3 months, the intervention group showed improvements in all outcome measures. Compared to the control group, there were significant improvements in OSDI score, NITBUT, and PRT. Notably, these improvements were consistent across different age groups, including both younger adults and middle-aged participants. The study suggests that dietary supplementation with bilberry extract and fish oil may improve both signs and symptoms of severe dry eyes, regardless of age. From eye health to cancer prevention The benefits of bilberries extend far beyond eye health. Emerging research indicates that these potent berries may play a role in supporting overall cardiovascular health. Some studies have shown that bilberry consumption may help decrease cholesterol levels, particularly LDL cholesterol, while increasing HDL cholesterol. This effect, combined with the berries’ potential to improve blood vessel function, makes them a promising natural ally in the fight against heart disease. Furthermore, bilberries show promise in blood sugar management, making them of particular interest to those at risk of or living with diabetes. The berries appear to have a positive effect on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, potentially helping to regulate blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Bilberries’ anti-inflammatory properties also make them a subject of interest in cognitive health research. Some scientists believe that regular consumption of these berries might help protect against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, though more research is needed in this area. As if these benefits weren’t enough, bilberries are also being studied for their potential anti-cancer properties. The high levels of antioxidants in these berries may help protect cells from damage that can lead to cancer, and some laboratory studies have shown promising results in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. While more research is needed to fully understand the extent of bilberries’ health benefits, the existing evidence paints a picture of a truly remarkable fruit. From supporting eye health to potentially fighting chronic diseases, these tiny berries pack a powerful punch when it comes to promoting overall wellness. As research continues, it’s likely that we’ll uncover even more reasons to add this superfruit to our diets. Harness the power of bilberries in your diet Incorporating bilberries into your diet can be both easy and delicious: Brew bilberry tea for a traditional remedy Add fresh or frozen bilberries to smoothies Consume bilberry extract supplements Enjoy handfuls of whole bilberries as a snack Whether you opt for fresh berries, supplements, or extracts, adding bilberries to your diet could be a simple yet powerful step towards better health. As always, consult with a holistic healthcare professional before starting any new supplement routine, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications. Sources for this article include: NIH.gov NIH.gov Lifeextension.com To read the original article click here.

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Sequencing Reveals Eye Microbiome Variances Linked to Dry Eye

The AHA! Team — Wed, 15 May 2024 08:07:23 +0000

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology via News-Medical – Researchers have used advanced sequencing technology to determine how the mix of microbes present in patients with healthy eyes differs from the mix found in patients with dry eye. The new work could lead to improved treatments for various eye problems and for diseases affecting other parts of the body. Researchers have used advanced sequencing technology to determine how the mix of microbes present in patients with healthy eyes differs from the mix found in patients with dry eye. The new work could lead to improved treatments for various eye problems and for diseases affecting other parts of the body. Microbial communities in and on our body -; collectively referred to as the human microbiota -; play an essential role in keeping us healthy. Although many studies have focused on microbial communities in our gut, understanding the microbiota present in other body sites is critical for advancing our knowledge of human health and developing targeted interventions for disease prevention and treatment. “Once we understand the eye microbiota properly, it will improve disease diagnosis at an early stage. This knowledge can also serve as a catalyst for developing innovative therapies aimed at preventing and treating ocular disease as well as those that affect the central microbiome site: the gut.” -Alexandra Van Kley, research team leader, professor at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas Pallavi Sharma, a graduate student in Van Kley’s lab, will present the research at Discover BMB, the annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, which will be held March 23–26 in San Antonio. “Human microbiome research suggests a strong connection between the gut microbiome and the brain and eyes,” said Sharma. “Any alteration in the gut microbiome affects other organs and can lead to disease. Therefore, we are trying to identify patterns of an imbalance between the types of microbes present in a person’s ocular microbiome for people with different health problems.” For the study, the researchers collected eye samples from 30 volunteers using a swab and then performed 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to determine the microbiome distribution for patients with healthy eyes and those with dry eyes. The analysis showed that Streptococcus and Pedobacter bacteria species were the most prevalent microbes in healthy eyes while more Acinetobacter species were present in the eye microbiomes of people with dry eye. “We think the metabolites produced by these bacteria are responsible for dry eye conditions,” said Sharma. “We are performing further research to understand the metabolic pathways associated with the Acinetobacter to better understand the disease.” Next, the researchers would like to explore the gut microbiome of the patients with dry eye to better understand how it related to the eye microbe differences they observed. Source: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology To read the original article click here.

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New Connection Discovered Between Gut Microbiome and Eye Health

AHA Publisher — Wed, 05 May 2021 07:00:07 +0000

Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) via Newswise – Rockville, Md. – Preliminary research suggests possible application of manipulated gut bacteria may have therapeutic implications in treating age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The early model system is being presented at the 2021 Annual Meeting of The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), being hosted virtually this year. Dubbed the “gut-retina axis” by first author Sheldon Rowan, PhD, of the Nutrition and Vision Research team at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, the causal relationship between diet, the gut microbiome and eye disease had not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, Rowan has been conducting a series of experiments in mice to uncover the next steps to understand how gut microbiota affects eye health. In these experiments, mice that consumed western high glycemic (HG) diets developed multiple retinal lesions, consistent with the development of AMD-like disease. Lesions were associated with infiltration of retinal microglia/macrophages in the choroid and outer retina. Contrastingly, there were fewer lesions in mice consuming lower glycemic (LG) diets, or in HG-fed mice receiving fecal transplants from LG mice. Further, when mice were given antibiotics known to kill healthy gut bacteria, it led to degeneration of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium in some mice. A combined analysis of fecal transplant and the antibiotic-based experiments revealed that retinal neuroprotection was associated with increased levels of Akkermansia, a commensal bacterium with known beneficial metabolic functions. HG-fed mice receiving LG fecal microbiota transplants also had improved glycemic control relative to HG-fed mice. Rowan’s studies confirm previously observed roles for commensal gut microbiota in mediating protection from diet-induced AMD. “Importantly, these protective effects could be transferred via fecal microbiota transplantation, indicating that microbiome-based therapies have therapeutic potential for AMD,” he explains. “Neuroprotection was associated with improved glycemic control, suggesting that metabolic reprogramming may be a critical component of the gut-retina axis, possibly via modulation of innate immune system function.” When asked about the potential implications of his research, Rowan says, “From the perspective of basic disease mechanisms, this research is opening up new avenues of investigation into AMD disease formation that might have been considered far-fetched in the past. The gut-retina axis is largely unexplored territory that includes components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. More work needs to be done to identify the precise mechanisms.” To read the original article click here.

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Vision Impairment Is Associated With Mortality

AHA Publisher — Fri, 19 Mar 2021 07:00:08 +0000

Michigan Medicine – University of Michigan via EurekAlert – The global population is aging, and so are their eyes. In fact, the number of people with vision impairment and blindness is expected to more than double over the next 30 years. A meta-analysis in The Lancet Global Health, consisting of 48,000 people from 17 studies, found that those with more severe vision impairment had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those that had normal vision or mild vision impairment. According to the data, the risk of mortality was 29% higher for participants with mild vision impairment, compared to normal vision. The risk increases to 89% among those with severe vision impairment. Importantly, four of five cases of vision impairment can be prevented or corrected. Globally, the leading causes of vision loss and blindness are both avoidable: cataract and the unmet need for glasses. The study’s lead author, Joshua Ehrlich, M.D., M.P.H., sought to better understand the association between visual disabilities and all-cause mortality. The work compliments some of Ehrlich’s recent research, also in The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health, that highlighted the impact of late-life vision impairment on health and well-being, including its influence on dementia, depression, and loss of independence. “It’s important these issues are addressed early on because losing your vision affects more than just how you see the world; it affects your experience of the world and your life,” says Ehrlich. “This analysis provides an important opportunity to promote not only health and wellbeing, but also longevity by correcting, rehabilitating, and preventing avoidable vision loss across the globe.” To read the original article click here.

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