cognitive decline Archives - Amazing Health Advances

Digital Pacifiers: How Screens are Rewiring Children’s Brains & Fueling a Mental Health Crisis

The AHA! Team — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 05:16:51 +0000

Lance D Johnson via Natural News – The research, published in Psychological Bulletin, exposes how digital devices act as “emotional escape routes,” soothing children in the moment while eroding their ability to handle real-world challenges. A Groundbreaking Study In an age where screens dominate every aspect of life, parents are unknowingly handing their children a double-edged sword — one that promises temporary calm but delivers long-term chaos. A groundbreaking study tracking nearly 300,000 children reveals a disturbing trend: screens aren’t just harming kids’ development; they’re becoming their only coping mechanism, trapping them in a vicious cycle of emotional dependency. The research, published in Psychological Bulletin, exposes how digital devices act as “emotional escape routes,” soothing children in the moment while eroding their ability to handle real-world challenges. This isn’t just about limiting screen time — it’s about recognizing how Big Tech’s relentless invasion into childhood is creating a generation less capable of resilience, communication, and emotional stability. Key points: Screens create a self-perpetuating cycle: Kids with emotional struggles turn to devices for comfort, but excessive screen time worsens those struggles over time. Gaming poses the highest risk, with stronger negative effects than passive screen use like TV or educational content — especially for children aged 6-10. Older children are more vulnerable than toddlers because they actively seek screens to self-soothe, displacing critical social and emotional development. The solution isn’t total elimination but breaking the habit of using screens as a first response to distress, replacing them with real-world coping strategies. The gaming trap: Why interactive screens hit hardest While many parents carefully monitor YouTube or social media, gaming often slips under the radar as “harmless fun.” The study found that children who played video games were far more likely to develop behavioral issues, and those already struggling turned to gaming more aggressively than other screen activities. Unlike passive viewing, gaming demands constant engagement, rewiring neural pathways to prioritize instant gratification over patience and problem-solving. “Screen use may increase the risk of children developing socioemotional problems, and children with socioemotional problems may be drawn to screens, possibly as a way to manage their distress,” the researchers noted. Historical context amplifies these findings: Where past generations relied on outdoor play or face-to-face interaction, today’s children are handed tablets at the first sign of frustration. The result? A measurable decline in gross motor skills, communication, and emotional regulation — all sacrificed at the altar of digital pacification. Older kids at greater risk: Autonomy becomes a liability Common wisdom suggests toddlers are most vulnerable to screen overuse, but the data tells a darker story. Children aged 6-10, with greater independence, are more likely to use devices as emotional crutches. A 7-year-old can seek out games when anxious; a 3-year-old can’t. This autonomy fuels what researchers call the “displacement effect” — every hour spent gaming is an hour lost to physical activity, family conversation, or learning to process emotions healthily. Gender differences also emerged: Girls reacted more negatively to general screen use, while boys in the older group faced higher risks from gaming. The implications are clear: Unchecked screen time doesn’t just distract children — it stunts their emotional growth during critical developmental windows. The study’s most crucial takeaway isn’t that screens are inherently evil, but that their misuse as emotional Band-Aids has dire consequences. Educational content co-viewed with parents showed minimal harm, proving context matters. The real danger lies in letting screens replace human connection. Parents must ask: Is this device calming my child, or just delaying a meltdown? Solutions include: Modeling healthy behavior: Children mimic parents’ screen habits. Put phones away during meals and conversations. Teaching coping skills: Encourage journaling, outdoor play, or talking through emotions instead of defaulting to screens. Setting intentional limits: Prioritize screen-free zones (bedrooms, cars) to force real-world interaction. The study’s authors stress that small, consistent changes — not draconian bans — can disrupt this cycle. The choice is clear: Let screens raise a generation of emotionally fragile dependents, or fight for their right to develop resilience beyond the glow of a tablet. Sources include: StudyFinds.org APA.org [PDF] Enoch, Brighteon.ai To read the original article, click here

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Antidepressants Linked to Faster Cognitive Decline in Dementia

The AHA! Team — Fri, 23 May 2025 05:21:22 +0000

Karolinska Institutet via EurekAlert! – New research suggests that antidepressants can accelerate cognitive decline in people with dementia. At the same time, some drugs appear to be less harmful than others, which can help doctors make better treatment decisions, according to the study published in BMC Medicine. Antidepressants are often used to relieve symptoms such as anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, and sleep disturbances in dementia sufferers. However, a new observational study based on data from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) shows that patients with dementia who are treated with antidepressants experience an increased cognitive decline compared to patients who do not receive this medication. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of registry data from 18,740 patients, of whom approximately 23 percent were treated with antidepressants. During the course of the study, a total of 11,912 prescriptions of antidepressants were registered, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) accounting for 65 percent. Depressive symptoms “Depressive symptoms can both worsen cognitive decline and impair quality of life, so it is important to treat them. Our results can help doctors and other healthcare professionals choose antidepressants that are better adapted for patients with dementia,” says Sara Garcia Ptacek, researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, and the study’s last author. The researchers from Karolinska Institutet and Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg have followed the patients’ cognitive development over time and compared both medicated and non-medicated groups as well as different types of antidepressants. Although it is not currently possible to determine whether the cognitive impairment is due to the drugs or to the depressive symptoms themselves, the researchers were able to see that antidepressants were associated with increased cognitive decline. Differences between drugs The study also points to differences between different drugs. The SSRI escitalopram was associated with the fastest cognitive decline, followed by the SSRIs citalopram and sertraline. Mirtazapine, which has a different mechanism of action, had less negative cognitive impact than escitalopram. The researchers now want to investigate whether certain patient groups, such as people with specific dementia types or biomarkers, respond better or worse to different antidepressants. “The goal is to find these subgroups to create more individualised care,” says Sara Garcia Ptacek. The study has been funded by the Swedish Research Council, Region Stockholm, the Swedish Dementia Research Foundation, the Alzheimer’s Foundation and New Innovative Roads Call – a private initiative from the Leif Lundblad family and others. The researchers report no conflicts of interest. Publication: “Antidepressant use and cognitive decline in patients with dementia: a national cohort study”, Minjia Mo, Tamar Abzhandadze, Minh Tuan Hoang, Simona Sacuiu, Pol Grau Jurado, Joana B. Pereira, Luana Naia, Julianna Kele, Silvia Maioli, Hong Xu, Maria Eriksdotter, Sara Garcia Ptacek. BMC Medicine, online February 25, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-03851-3. Journal BMC Medicine DOI 10.1186/s12916-025-03851-3. To read the original article click here.

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How to Care for a Loved One with Dementia

The AHA! Team — Wed, 27 Nov 2024 06:37:37 +0000

University of Miami via Newswise – More than 11 million Americans are tasked with the responsibility of taking care of someone with cognitive decline. A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) for an aging loved one can be devastating for a family. In 2023, it was estimated that 6.7 million Americans of all ages had the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. More than 11 million people care for a loved one with Alzheimer’s or a related dementia, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and about 80 percent of those patients are cared for in the home. Dr. Elizabeth Crocco is a geriatric psychiatrist and the medical director of the Memory Disorders Clinic Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Over the course of her career, she has seen thousands of patients and their families. She reports that for some families, the diagnosis of ADRD can be helpful because it ultimately can explain that the illness is not just due to normal aging. For others, a diagnosis can be scary. “It can be frightening because they know that it is irreversible and that it progresses,” she said. “The idea that the person will lose part of who they are, not just cognitively, but part of their essential personality, brings up a lot of feelings.” Cognitive impairment is the hallmark feature of ADRD, but these illnesses can also have behavioral changes. These include agitation, irritability, depression, and anxiety. It is important for care providers to learn how to handle these situations while also maintaining their own mental health, she said. In her clinic, Crocco and her team work with care providers so that they understand the condition and can better manage its symptoms. This includes how to communicate with the loved one. “The memory issue is not the only problem that is making one’s loved one suffer, and a family member can have a difficult time,” she said. “It is the psychiatric and behavioral symptoms that are often the most difficult to deal with: depression, anxiety, anger issues, agitation, along with resistance to care and help.” Medications, of course, can help, but effective and consistent caregiving is paramount in coping with a patient with ADRD. Crocco offered some helpful tips that can make taking care of an individual with ADRD easier: Establish a routine Consistency is key. Chaotic home situations are not kind to people with cognitive impairment. Traveling is a change of routine that can lead to more behavioral problems and confusion. If they resist a task, try not to force them to do it. Wait an hour or more as their attitude may change later. Keep calm Keeping calm and composed is important when dealing with a loved one with ADRD. Also, remember that your reality might not be theirs, and you need to be respectful. Crocco’s mother had dementia. She tells this story: “One time I was at my mother’s house, and I had left a piece of pizza on the stove. My mother began screaming and cursing because there was a piece of pizza on the stove, and it upset her. I took the pizza off the stove, washed the area down, and I said: ‘I am so sorry, Mom, that I upset you.’ She calmed down immediately.” Sundowning It can happen earlier than expected, in the late afternoon. During this time, for both biological and situational reasons, an ADRD individual may become more confused, disoriented, agitated, and paranoid, as well as anxious and fearful. It is important for loved ones to predict patterns to minimize problems behaviorally without always opting for medications. Therapeutic fibbing Cognitive decline often leaves the person with memories of the past. If a loved one has forgotten that someone is deceased, they may repeatedly ask about them. At times, it might be better to let them believe that they are still alive. “What is the alternative?” asked Crocco. “Letting them relive the death over and over again?” Often arguing with a loved one with Alzheimer’s is a losing proposition and only leads to agitation and discord. “You argue and you lose,” said Crocco. Use music and pets Often introducing preferred music from the loved ones’ era can assist in preventing behavioral problems and be very entertaining and enjoyable. Bringing in pets for ADRD individuals to interact with can also assist. It is well known that having animal or pet interactions can lower ones’ stress level as well as blood pressure, said Crocco. Seek help An adult day care center is a good alternative to help a care provider with the help of a loved one with ADRD, said Crocco. Besides providing social interaction and dementia care during the day, it also affords the caretaker time to work or rest, said Crocco. Learn more about the Memory Disorders Clinic at the University of Miami Health System. To read the original article click here.

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Combat Cognitive Decline and Grow New Brain Cells with an Intriguing Mineral

The AHA! Team — Wed, 07 Aug 2024 08:50:37 +0000

Lori Alton via NaturalHealth365 – At its mildest – which may involve occasional “blanking” on names or temporarily misplacing car keys – it causes embarrassment, annoyance, or minor inconvenience. At its worst, it is debilitating, jeopardizing the ability to read, write, and talk and threatening one’s ability to live independently. We are speaking, of course, of cognitive decline. Sometimes called cognitive impairment, this age-related condition is characterized by a decrease in the ability to learn, remember, and concentrate. There is currently no cure for cognitive decline, and ongoing research focuses on therapies and treatments intended to alleviate it or slow its progress. Recent research has illuminated the ability of selenium, an essential trace mineral, to help maintain healthy cognitive function – and potentially combat cognitive impairment. What functions does selenium perform in the body? Selenium is an important constituent of selenoproteins, a group of compounds needed for antioxidant defense, DNA synthesis, and thyroid hormone metabolism. (In fact, glutathione, the body’s “master” antioxidant and neutralizer of toxins, is one of the primary selenoproteins). Because selenium combats oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, it is believed to play an important role in protecting brain health. And this mineral may even take the protection of cognitive function to the “next level.” In recent studies, it has been found to promote neurogenesis – the formation of new brain cells – in the hippocampus, an area of the brain linked with learning and memory. Warning: Low levels are linked to neurodegenerative conditions Like so many health-sustaining compounds, selenium is normally present in good supply in young people but becomes scarcer with age. Researchers have observed that the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease rises as selenium levels fall. In a 2023 meta-analysis published in Nutrients, the authors concluded that people with neurodegenerative diseases have lower levels. These shortfalls can have grave consequences. For example, preliminary studies have suggested that selenium deficiency causes brain inflammation. Conversely, animal studies have shown that increasing intake can reduce the accumulation of harmful tau and beta-amyloid proteins linked with Alzheimer’s disease. The “million-dollar question:” Can selenium improve age-related cognitive decline? Research has yielded encouraging results. Preliminary studies have shown that treating cultured brain cells with selenium led to increases in proliferation and signs of neurogenesis. A separate study showed that adding supplementary selenium directly to the drinking water of elderly mice caused significant improvements in learning and memory. Clearly, cell and animal studies offer valuable data on the potential of this micronutrient. But what about human studies? In a study published in 2023 in the Journal of Cardiac Failure involving patients with congestive heart failure, participants with higher levels of selenoproteins (which, in turn, indicate selenium levels) performed better on global cognitive tests than those with lower levels. This seemed to echo the findings of an earlier study published in Epidemiology that showed better cognitive performance among older adults with increased levels of selenium. Another study published in the European Journal of Nutrition showed that supplementing with a single selenium-packed Brazil nut improved verbal fluency and mental function in patients with mild cognitive impairment. However, other research has shown mixed results, and more studies are needed. It’s worth noting that selenium can also promote heart health and discourage atherosclerosis. A review involving over 433,000 participants with coronary heart disease showed that supplementation decreased levels of inflammatory C-reactive protein while increasing levels of glutathione. How much is too much? While serious selenium deficiencies are uncommon in the United States, holistic practitioners note that inadequate intake can occur in vegetarians, vegans, and others who consume little meat and seafood. Consuming food grown in soil with low selenium levels can also cause shortfalls. The Office of Dietary Supplements recommends 55 micrograms of selenium daily for adults. You can increase your intake by eating oysters, poultry, beef, cold-water fatty fish, and eggs. However, the undisputed “heavyweight” of selenium content is the Brazil nut, with a single ounce (six or seven nuts) delivering a whopping 544 micrograms. Incidentally, there is such a thing as “too much selenium.” Symptoms of excessive intake include skin rash, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and irritability. Acute selenium toxicity, a more serious condition, can lead to tremors, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure, and even death. The Food and Nutrition Board has established a daily upper limit for selenium (from food and supplements combined) of 400 mcg for adults. (Caution – Brazil nuts could cause toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts. A mere half dozen Brazil nuts, in one sitting, could exceed the tolerable upper limit for the day. Limiting yourself to no more than 3 of these tasty, nutritious nuts a day allows you to rack up healthy levels of this essential trace mineral without risk of toxicity.) Selenium is available as a supplement, with typical amounts ranging from 50 to 400 micrograms a day. However, consult with your holistic doctor before supplementing. Remember: Other steps to protect cognitive function include proper nutrition, staying physically and mentally active, and maintaining a healthy social network. The latest research suggests that selenium may help you retain sharp mental function while safeguarding your priceless memories well into old age. It’s certainly wise to ensure you have adequate amounts of this valuable micronutrient. Sources for this article include: NIH.gov LifeExtension.com NIH.gov OfficeofDietarySupplements.gov NIH.gov NIH.gov Springer.com VeryWellHealth.com To read the original article click here.

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Indian Spice Cuts Dementia Risk by 40%

The AHA! Team — Mon, 13 May 2024 08:01:26 +0000

Al Sears, MD, CNS – By age 60, you have a 50/50 chance of having a clinically enlarged prostate. And it only gets worse every year. When your prostate isn’t functioning properly, it’s hard to enjoy life. There is a new study from Harvard University that demonstrates the power of special plant compounds called flavonoids. It reinforces the advice I’ve been giving my patients for more than 30 years… Increasing your intake of specific nutrients can head off – and even reverse – early signs of memory loss. The Harvard researchers came to this conclusion after tracking the dietary habits and cognitive outcomes of 78,000 study participants for 20 years. They found that those with a high intake of certain flavonoids were almost 40% less likely to experience cognitive decline.1 While it’s not entirely clear how flavonoids protect your memories, researchers believe the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these plant metabolites are in play. But what is clear is that dementia and other forms of cognitive decline are not due to the “Alzheimer’s gene” (APOE-e4) or any other aspect of your DNA. It’s another strong indication genes aren’t to blame for the 110% increase in Alzheimer’s that’s projected to happen by 2050. As a regular reader, you know Big Agra’s endless production of processed carbs is the key cause of Alzheimer’s. Our bodies simply weren’t designed for the industrial, grain-based foods modern humans eat. This starchy diet touches off an inevitable cascade of insulin resistance, inflammation, weight gain, and cellular damage. And it’s one reason a growing number of researchers are beginning to refer to Alzheimer’s as “type 3 diabetes.”2 But I see a bright side to the Harvard study. It supports the message I’ve been sharing with my patients for years now… With the right nutrients, you CAN protect yourself from this terrible disease. Why Your Brain Wants You to “Eat the Rainbow” I encourage my patients to “eat the rainbow.” Flavonoids give fruits and vegetables their bright, rainbow-like colors. Think of red and green peppers, purple grapes, blackberries, strawberries, blueberries, carrots, oranges, grapefruit, and so forth. Other food sources of flavonoids include onions, celery, artichokes, and broccoli – as well as spices like parsley and oregano. But given the increasingly alien environment we live in, there’s one brain-protective flavonoid that stands above the rest. And I recommend all my patients include it in their diet. I’m talking about curcumin. Curcumin is the bright compound that gives turmeric it’s unique golden color. Studies show it contributes to significant memory improvement and stronger cognitive function. Turmeric is the ingredient that gives curry its savory, earthy taste. It’s a member of the ginger family. Some researchers believe the heavy curry consumption in rural India explains the low incidence of dementia there. It’s only about a third of the rate seen in Europe and the United States.3 Protect Your Brain with Indian Curry My family loves to make curry. Here’s one of our favorite recipes: Ingredients: 1 teaspoon coconut oil 4 boneless chicken thighs, cut into small pieces 2 cups diced yellow onion 2 cloves garlic, minced 2 tablespoons fresh ginger 6 two-inches pieces of fresh turmeric root, peeled and grated 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cumin 1 teaspoon ground coriander 1/2 teaspoon ground cardamom 1 can (13.6) ounces of coconut milk 1 cup chicken stock 1/2 teaspoon garam masala 4 cups cubed butternut squash 1 tablespoon lime juice Instructions: Sauté chicken in coconut oil until cooked, then remove and set aside. Sauté the onion until it begins to soften. Then add ginger and garlic. Add remaining spices and cook for about 30 seconds. Add the butternut squash, coconut milk, and broth. Simmer for 15 minutes. Add salt to taste along with freshly squeezed lime juice. Add chicken and serve. To Your Good Health, Al Sears, MD, CNS References: 1. Yeh, Tian-Shin, et al. “Long-term dietary flavonoid intake and subjective cognitive decline in US men and women.” Neurology. 2021 Sept;97(10):e1041 – e1056. 2. de la Monte S, and Wands R. “Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidence reviewed.” J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008 Nov; 2(6): 1101–1113. 3. Chandra V, et al. “Incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in a rural community in India: The Indo-US Study.” Neurology. 2001 Sep 25;57(6):985-9. To read the original article click here.

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Do Beliefs About Aging Impact Our Health & Longevity?

AHA Publisher — Wed, 20 Apr 2022 07:00:10 +0000

Dr. Caroline Leaf – In this podcast (episode #373) and blog, I talk to Dr. Becca Levy, an award-winning Yale professor of psychology and global health. We discuss the dangers of ageism, how positive and negative age stereotypes affect the health of older individuals, how to use the mind and brain more effectively as we age, age as a socially fluid construct, what happens to memory and the mind when we get older, and so much more! In her amazing new book Breaking the Age Code: How Your Beliefs About Aging Determine How Long and Well You Live, Dr. Becca examines the question: do beliefs about aging impact our health and longevity? Her research is centered around her time in Japan studying how differently older people are treated in the country, and how it may be connected to their high life expectancy. In Japan, older people are celebrated, while really old people are treated like rock stars—they embrace the aging process. This led to the question, how do our beliefs about aging shape our health and our lives? In her book, Dr. Becca “demonstrates that many health problems formerly considered to be entirely due to the aging process, such as memory loss, hearing decline, and cardiovascular events, are instead influenced by the negative age beliefs that dominate in the US and other ageist countries.” As Dr. Becca notes, ageism is like an evil octopus. It is omnipresent and goes in so many different directions, wrapping its tentacles over so many parts of our lives. In fact, the World Health Organization recently declared that ageism is one of the most widespread forms and socially sanctioned forms of prejudice in our world today, and something we often overlook or do not see. Negative messages and beliefs about aging limit opportunities, affect health, and compound existing prejudices like sexism and racism. In her research, Dr. Becca observed how beliefs about aging expressed at a younger age can impact a person’s survival. People who have more positive beliefs about getting older on average lived 7 1/2 years longer than those with a more negative perception of aging. Since we start developing perceptions about getting older from as young as 3, it is so important to examine how and why these beliefs can impact not only how we treat older people, but also how we age. Because of the mind-brain-body connection, many health outcomes are connected to our beliefs about aging, including our cardiovascular and cognitive wellbeing. One study noted how younger adults who had more negative beliefs about aging increased their risk of a cardiovascular event when they turned 60, while subjects with a more optimistic outlook on aging reduced their risk for cardiovascular issues when they reached the age of 60. Similarly, research has shown how people with more positive beliefs about aging reduce their risk for developing dementias like Alzheimer’s, even if they were born with risky genes. Our memory and brain health can actually get better as we age. The common stereotype that our mind declines as we age doesn’t match the science. There are many different types of memory that are stable and can improve as we age, including our ability to communicate and solve conflicts. Indeed, as we age, our brain connectivity and neurons keeps developing, which adds to our intelligence. A forgetful moment is not just a “senior moment” or something bad; it is a sign that our memory changes over time, which is not in and of itself a bad thing. We need to remember that age can be a socially fluid construct. There is no set way of aging, and the aging process is not just determined by our biology. As Dr. Becca notes, aging is determined by many factors; our genes only contribute around 25% to how we age. The other 75% includes environmental factors and things we can control, including our cultural and individual beliefs about aging that can impact our health and longevity. The great news is that our attitudes towards aging can be changed or improved at any time during our lifespan, which can have a positive effect on our health and lifespan. This is preventative health at its best. As we learn to shift our age beliefs to be more positive and reduce negative culture messages about aging, we can impact the course of our lives. We can become aware of and change the messages we receive and develop concerning aging on both an individual and societal level. In her book, Dr. Becca has some great tools that help us improve our perception of aging, and subsequently, our health. One of most powerful things we all can do is increase our awareness. What are our age beliefs? How do we see aging? What kind of age-related messages are we exposed to? A great way to do this what Dr. Becca calls “age-belief journaling”. For one week, write down every belief that you see or hear about aging (on social media, in conversations, on TV, at work, at school and so on) and write down if you think it is positive or negative. At the end of the week, add up the negatives and positives. What is the ratio? And with the negative portrayals, do you think they had to be so negative? Is there another way aging could have been portrayed? Actively noticing the beliefs about aging we have and are exposed to is the first step to actively changing them in ways that positively impact our health and lifespan. It is also helpful to become knowledgeable about the actual science behind aging. This gives us an arsenal to draw on to discount the negative age beliefs and stereotypes, such as “you can’t teach an old dog new tricks”. The reality is that we actually can—we can improve our cognition and learn new things at ANY age. To read the original article click here.

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Dementia: How to Prevent Cognitive Decline

AHA Publisher — Fri, 28 Jan 2022 08:00:18 +0000

Universite de Montreal via Newswise – Physical activity, nutrition and cognitively stimulating activities are all known to be good ways to prevent Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. And older adults at risk can access a variety of lifestyle services to that end, including diet regimes and exercises for their body and mind. Now an international team of researchers led by Université de Montréal psychology professor Sylvie Belleville has determined how many of those intervention sessions are needed prevent cognitive decline in people at risk: only about a dozen. Published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia : The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, the study by Dr. Belleville and colleagues at the universities of Toulouse and Helsinki show that 12 to 14 sessions are all that’s were needed to observe an improvement in cognition. Until now, the number of sessions or “doses” needed for optimal effect has been unknown. “In pharmacological studies, every effort is made to define an optimal treatment dose needed to observe the expected effects, “ said Belleville, a neuropsychologist and researcher at the research centere of the UdeM-affiliated Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal. “This is rarely done in non-pharmacological studies, especially those on the prevention of cognitive decline, where little information is available to identify this dose. “Defining an optimal number of treatment sessions is therefore crucial.,” she continued. “Indeed, proposing too few sessions will produce no noticeable improvement effects, but too many sessions is also undesirable as these interventions are costly. They are costly both for the individual who follows the treatments, in terms of time and involvement, and for the organization offering these treatments.” The study is based on a secondary analysis of data from the three-year Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) and looked at 749 participants who received a range of interventions aimed at preventing cognitive decline. These included dietary advice, physical activity and cognitive stimulation to improve or maintain physical and cognitive abilities. People’s Individuality Important In their research, Belleville’s team noted that people’s individuality should be considered when determining the optimal treatment dose. In their study, the researchers evaluated the effects of the sessions in terms of each participant’s age, gender, education level, and cognitive and physical condition. The relationship between the “dose” each received and their cognitive improvement was then analyzed. The main results show an increase with dose followed by a plateau effect after 12 to 14 sessions. In other words, you need enough dose to see an effect but offering more than 12 to 14 sessions of treatment does not mean better results. That said, participants with lower levels of education or more risk factors for frailty did benefite from more sessions. The conclusion? It’s important to identify and target an optimal dose and to customize the treatment for each individual, the researchers say. Not only is “dosage” an important component of behavioural interventions, it can also provide valuable information when time and money are limited, helping public-health agencies develop effective prevention programs and offer guidance to older adults and clinicians. To read the original article click here.

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New Study Shows That Treating Insomnia with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Can Prevent Major Depression in Older Adults

AHA Publisher — Wed, 01 Dec 2021 08:00:09 +0000

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences via Newswise – LOS ANGELES (Nov. 24, 2021) — A new study led by researchers at UCLA Health has found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) prevented major depression, decreasing the likelihood of depression by over 50% as compared to sleep education therapy in adults over the age of 60 with insomnia. Their findings, reported today in JAMA Psychiatry, could advance public health efforts to effectively treat insomnia and prevent major depression disorder (MDD) in older adults – a growing population that is projected to rise from about 54 million Americans aged 65 and older today to about 86 million in 2050. More than 10% of community dwelling adults older than 60 years will experience a major depression later in life in any given year. Late-life depression increases the risk of health conditions such as heart disease and high blood pressure, cognitive decline, and suicide particularly in men. Despite its prevalence in older adults, depression often goes undiagnosed and untreated. And, even among those who receive treatment, only about one-third get better or achieve remission. “Given that older adults account for nearly 20% of the U.S. population and are the most vulnerable for health risks associated with depression, effective depression prevention is urgently needed,” said Dr. Michael Irwin, lead author of the study and the director of the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience, and a Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. “Insomnia more than doubles the risk for major depression. By targeting insomnia and effectively treating it with CBT-I, depression can be effectively prevented by over 50% in community dwelling older adults with insomnia.” Insomnia, a condition where people have difficulty falling and staying asleep, occurs in nearly 50% of adults 60 years of age or older and when it occurs, the risk of depression is more than doubled. Although various types of sleep medications are often used to treat insomnia, they provide only temporary relief and pose a risk for daytime side effects such as prolonged drowsiness or headache, and dependency. Accordingly, CBT-I is recommended as the first line of treatment for people with insomnia and has been highly effective in its treatment. This type of therapy typically centers around working with a therapist to help identify and change inaccurate or distorted thinking patterns, emotional responses, and behaviors. But how well CBT-I works to prevent major depression from occurring in older adults with insomnia has been uncertain. Prior studies showed CBT-I has benefit in treating insomnia and depressive symptoms, but it was not known whether selectively targeting insomnia, a known risk for depression, would prevent it in older adults with insomnia but without depression. To find out, the researchers enrolled 291 adults 60 years and older with insomnia but who had not experienced any depression for 12 months or longer, randomly assigning half the group to receive CBT-I by a trained psychologist, with the other half to receive sleep education therapy (SET) from a public health educator. SET includes education about sleep, healthy sleep habits and the impact of stress on sleep. Both groups received weekly 120-minute group sessions for two months and then underwent follow-up for three years. Over the course of 36 months of follow up, participants completed monthly questionnaires to screen for symptoms of depression and/or from insomnia and were diagnostically interviewed every six months to determine whether an episode of clinical depression had occurred. Key findings showed that depression occurred in 25.9% of the older adults in the SET control group during follow-up, whereas depression occurred in only 12.2% in the CBT-I group, a 51% reduction in the risk of depression with CBT-I treatment. Second, remission of insomnia that was continuously sustained during follow-up was more likely in the CBT-I group as compared to SET. Among those who received CBT-I and had sustained remission of insomnia, the likelihood of depression was reduced by 83%. Depression occurred in over 27% of the older adults in the SET group who did not have insomnia remission, whereas depression occurred in less than 5% of those in the CBT group who achieved insomnia remission. These findings suggest that treatment with CBT-I provided significant benefit to prevent incident and recurrent major depressive disorder in older adults with insomnia and that it did so by treating insomnia, a known risk factor for depression. “Our study was one of the largest selective prevention trials with the longest follow up to show that treatment of insomnia, a modifiable risk factor for depression, can robustly prevent the onset of a clinical episode of depression in older adults with insomnia who were not depressed at entry,” said Dr. Irwin. “We also showed that CBT-I produced sustained remission of insomnia. Treatment of insomnia, along with prevention of depression, taken together, could have huge public health implications in reducing health risks, suicide and cognitive decline in older adults.” To read the original article click here.

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Smartphone Memory Apps Can Help Older Adults With Mild Dementia to Complete Daily Tasks

AHA Publisher — Thu, 18 Nov 2021 08:00:58 +0000

Wiley via News-Medical – Results from a new study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society show that older adults with mild dementia can learn to use smartphone memory aids to help them remember to complete everyday tasks that are important to their quality of life. In the study, 52 older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia were coached on how to use a digital voice recorder app or a reminder app. After a four-week intervention, participants reported improvements in performing daily intentions. They also performed relatively well when the investigators assigned them with tasks, with performance levels favoring the reminder app in week 1, but reversing to favor the digital voice recorder app in week 4. Greater usage of the digital recorder or reminder apps was associated with better memory and greater improvements in activities of daily living. The study’s authors note that smartphone aids are free and broadly available and should be shared with patients and caregivers to support quality of life and independent functioning. “There is this pervasive notion that older adults dislike technology, but we found that participants enjoyed learning to use smartphone memory apps and were able to improve their daily prospective memory performance. Technology companies have an opportunity to improve broad adoption of smartphone memory aids in older adults and persons with mild stages of Alzheimer’s disease by tailoring the interface and user experience of their reminder apps to this demographic and by incorporating age diversity into their marketing campaigns. With the help of smart technology companies, we can make great headway on improving functioning and quality of life for families impacted by Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.” (Michael K. Scullin, PhD, Lead Author, Baylor University) To read the original article click here.

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