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Fika: The Swedish Ritual of Coffee, Connection and Calm

The AHA! Team — Fri, 01 Aug 2025 05:03:54 +0000

Joe Boland via Dr. Axe – In the bustling world we live in, finding moments of solace and connection is increasingly precious. Enter “fika,” the Swedish tradition that’s not just about grabbing a coffee, but a cultural institution centered around relaxation, socializing and indulging in life’s simple pleasures. Forget the ordinary coffee break. Fika (pronounced fee-kah) is a Swedish tradition that elevates the simple act of grabbing a cup of joe into an art form. It’s more than just caffeine — it’s a social ritual, a moment of mindfulness and a cornerstone of Swedish culture. So let’s explore the essence of fika, its distinction from a mere coffee break, its potential benefits and how you can embrace this delightful ritual in your own life. What Is Fika? Fika is more than just a word in Swedish — it’s a way of life. Essentially, it entails taking a break from work or daily routines to enjoy a cup of coffee or tea, often accompanied by a sweet treat or light snack. It’s not merely about refueling. It’s a cherished cultural practice deeply ingrained in Swedish society, fostering connections, relaxation and mindfulness. Fika translates to “coffee” in Swedish, but it encompasses so much more. It’s the act of taking a break, often with coffee and a sweet treat, to connect with friends, family or colleagues. It can happen anywhere, from cozy cafes to park benches, and at any time of day. Fika vs. Coffee Break While fika may seem similar to a typical coffee break, the two differ significantly in purpose and ambiance. While a coffee break may be a hurried affair, fika is a deliberate pause, an opportunity to slow down, savor the moment and connect with others. It’s about quality over quantity, emphasizing the social aspect as much as the refreshments themselves. While similar to a coffee break, fika goes deeper. It’s not just about a quick caffeine fix. It prioritizes social interaction, creating a dedicated space for conversation and connection. It’s a chance to slow down, de-stress and build stronger relationships. Potential Benefits Beyond the pleasure of indulging in delectable treats, fika offers a range of potential benefits. It provides a mental breather, allowing individuals to recharge and return to tasks with renewed focus and creativity in similar way that taking a mental health day does. Moreover, the social aspect fosters a sense of community and strengthens interpersonal relationships, contributing to overall well-being and happiness. Here are some more benefits of fika: 1. May Boost Productivity Short breaks like fika can actually improve focus and concentration when you return to work. In fact, research shows that taking breaks — even short ones — may help the brain learn new skills. 2. Helps Strengthen Relationships Fika fosters a sense of community and belonging, leading to stronger bonds with colleagues and loved ones. Not only that, but several studies show that people who feel a sense of belonging tend to have better health outcomes — or at least report feeling better and having stronger overall health. 3. Can Reduce Stress Taking a mindful break allows you to de-stress and recharge, improving overall well-being. This can have huge benefits to health considering stress plays a key role in just about everything aspect of the human body. 4. Promotes Mindfulness Fika encourages you to savor the moment, appreciate simple pleasures and disconnect from the daily grind. Taken to together, it can help teach you how to be happy, such as by hacking brain chemicals to boost happiness, combating loneliness and enhancing friendships. How to Fika Like a Swede Embracing fika in your own life is simpler than you might think. To fika like a Swede: Prioritize quality over speed. Choose high-quality coffee or tea, and pair it with a delicious pastry or sandwich. Set aside dedicated time for fika, ideally in the morning and afternoon, to break up the day and cultivate a sense of routine. Most importantly, invite others to join you, whether it’s colleagues, friends or family, and engage in meaningful conversations while relishing the moment. Ready to embrace the fika lifestyle? Here’s how to do it right: The Food: Coffee is a must, but tea is also acceptable. Pair it with a classic Swedish pastry like a “kanelbulle” (cinnamon bun) or a “havrekaka” (oatmeal cookie). The Time: There’s no set time for fika. Swedes often enjoy it mid-morning, afternoon or even during work hours. The Company: Fika is best enjoyed with others! Invite colleagues, friends or family to share a cup and conversation. The Ambiance: Find a cozy spot – a cafe, park or even your own home kitchen. The key is to create a relaxing atmosphere for conversation and connection, similarly to the way Danish people embrace hygge. Conclusion Fika is more than just a coffee break — it’s a philosophy. It’s a reminder to slow down, connect with others and savor the simple pleasures in life. Next time you crave a coffee break, consider incorporating the spirit of fika. You might just discover a new way to relax, reconnect and find joy in the everyday niceties. In a world that often glorifies business and productivity, fika serves as a gentle reminder to slow down and appreciate life’s little joys. It’s a practice that transcends borders, offering a universal prescription for connection, relaxation and mindfulness. So, the next time you feel overwhelmed or in need of a pick-me-up, why not take a cue from the Swedes and indulge in a fika? After all, there’s no sweeter way to nourish the body and soul. To read the original article click here.

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Energy Drinks Increase Heart Attack Risk Within 90 Minutes of Consumption

The AHA! Team — Wed, 04 Jun 2025 05:11:31 +0000

Dena Schmidt via NaturalHealth365 – Most people reach for a cup of coffee to increase their energy levels. However, in recent years, energy drinks have become the pick-me-up of choice, especially among younger people. But here’s the warning: Researchers have found that these high-caffeine, high-sugar beverages negatively impact heart health. In fact, within just 90 minutes of having one of these drinks, blood vessels can constrict dramatically – by as much as half in some cases. This reduces the blood supply and nutrients to the body’s organs and inhibits their function. How energy drinks put a squeeze on our blood circulation Keep in mind: blood flow constriction to the heart increases the risk of both heart attacks and stroke. And that’s exactly what happens when you drink these beverages. In addition, their high sugar content raises blood glucose levels – which can cause (or make worse) metabolic disorders like diabetes and prediabetes. In one study, the researchers examined 44 college students from the McGovern Medical School at UT Health. All participants were non-smokers, in their 20s, and generally ‘healthy.’ Since the subjects were young, they all had strong endothelium, the layer lining the inner walls of blood vessels. Endothelium integrity is crucial to heart health. Now, for the shocking results: the effect of energy drinks on otherwise normal endothelium was measured using ultrasound before and after consuming a 24-oz. energy drink. Ninety minutes after consuming the drink, endothelial function was tested for vessel diameter and arterial blood flow. How perfectly good blood vessels get damaged by just ONE drink After just 90 minutes, the artery’s inner diameter was reduced by half – from 5.1 percent to around 2.8 percent on average. The researchers believe this effect is due to the high levels of caffeine, sugar, taurine, and many other stimulating ingredients. As agitating as too much caffeine can be, the researchers believe it’s the high sugar content of these drinks that is the biggest culprit of severe blood vessel constriction. A drink like Red Bull contains 37 grams of sugar – equivalent to over NINE TEASPOONS. However, caffeine is also a factor, causing the body to release adrenaline rapidly. Each 250-ml drink contains around 80 mg of caffeine, which is 2.5 times the amount in a can of soda. Editor’s note: This article should be considered a ‘red alert’ for young athletes. Don’t combine your high-intensity training with these drinks. The result could be a deadly heart attack. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health estimates that around one-third of teenagers aged 12 to 17 consume these high-caffeine sugary drinks regularly. Find natural alternatives to energy drinks Finding natural, low-sugar ways to boost energy is always better for long-term health. If you’re a parent of a teenager reaching for one of these beverages, warn them about the risk of heart attack, restrict their consumption, and encourage healthier options. For example, green tea, coconut water, and fresh vegetable-fruit juices have (natural) energizing properties, and they are much healthier than high-sugar, caffeine-infused options. Once you get started, you’ll never look back. Remember: good health is our greatest asset. We should do everything possible to protect it. Sources for this article include: NIH.gov News-Medical.net To read the original article click here.

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Ingredient In Coffee Improves Your Memory (It’s NOT Caffeine)

The AHA! Team — Fri, 02 May 2025 05:34:35 +0000

Al Sears, MD, CNS – If you think the caffeine in your morning cup o’ joe is solely responsible for its coveted brain-boosting benefits, you’re not alone. After all, caffeine is a key reason why 81% of Americans get their day going by drinking at least two cups of coffee every day.1 And studies prove this naturally occurring herbal stimulant can improve both short-term and long-term memory2,3 increase alertness and reduce fatigue,4 and enhance cognition.5 But coffee has a special helper that most people don’t know about. I’m talking about a little-known compound called trigonelline, a unique form of vitamin B3 (niacin). Trigonelline, which is also found in fenugreek seeds, Japanese radishes, and hemp seeds, has been shown to:6 Increase spatial learning and memory Support nervous system development Enhance mitochondrial function and Increase key neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of the brain But its key brain benefit is that it suppresses neuroinflammation. As a regular reader, you know how dangerous inflammation is, and how it’s often a key factor in chronic diseases, especially in the brain. You see, breakthrough research confirms that amyloid plaques – the misfolded proteins that are a key symptom of Alzheimer’s disease – are caused by a breakdown of the immune system, triggered by widespread inflamm-aging. Amyloid plaques prevent neurons from working properly. When your brain is inflamed and your immune system can no longer clear away these rogue proteins, they cluster together and gum up the signaling networks between your neurons. Eventually, it leads to memory loss and confusion. At the same time, inflammation squeezes the blood vessels in your brain, restricting oxygen supply, causing cell damage, loss of brain tissue, and cell death. A new study, aimed at investigating the therapeutic potential of trigonelline, revealed it may effectively treat Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, and depression7 by preventing oxidative stress.8 Oxidative stress can feel like brain fog, chronic fatigue, or a headache. It can also result in memory loss, infections, and serve as a catalyst for inflammatory diseases.9 Preventing oxidative stress helps control your body’s inflammatory response. The implications of these studies for trigonelline as a neuroenhancer, and for coffee lovers are huge. Coffee lovers can rejoice in knowing there is truly something special about their cup of joe other caffeinated beverages can’t match. Get The Most Out Of Your Cup Of Coffee Drinking a cup or two of coffee is the best way to increase trigonelline levels. Here’s what I recommend: Choose Arabica coffee. While both Arabica and robusta coffee beans contain this brain-saving enzyme, concentrations are twice as high in Arabica. Look for certified organic beans. Not only are they higher in antioxidants, they don’t use any synthetic chemicals or fertilizers. I also suggest looking for “Fairtrade” on the label. This protects traditional small coffee farmers. Drink it fresh. Grind your coffee at the time you wish to drink it. This maximizes the flavor and prevents oxidation. Coffee’s healing properties are best when brewed fresh. Drink it black. The best benefits of coffee are delivered in its purest state. Adding dairy products and sweeteners may alter the taste, but it will also diminish the rewards. If you’re not a fan of coffee, you can supplement with fenugreek capsules. I suggest taking 500 mg a day. To Your Good Health, Al Sears, MD, CNS References: Buchholz K. “How many cups of coffee do Americans drink each day?” January 2023. https://www.statista.com/chart/19524/cups-of-coffee-drunk-by-americans-per-day/ Accessed on November 30, 2023. Sherman S, et al. “Caffeine Enhances Memory Performance in Young Adults during Their Non-optimal Time of Day.” Front Psychol. 2016; 7: 1764. Borota D, et al. “Post-study caffeine administration enhances memory consolidation in humans.” Nat Neurosci. 2014 Feb;17(2):201-3. Nehlig, A. “Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer? J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2010;20(S1):S85-S94. Zhang B, et al. “Cognition and brain activation in response to various doses of caffeine: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.” Front Psychol. 2020 July 3;1393. Aktar S, et al. “Transcriptomics and biochemical evidence of trigonelline ameliorating learning and memory decline in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and elevating neurotransmitter release.” GeroScience. 2023. Zia S, et al. “Unlocking therapeutic potential of trigonelline through molecular docking as a promising approach for treating diverse neurological disorders.” Metabolic Brain Disease. 2023. Chowdhury A, et al. “Trigonelline insulates against oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and restores BDNF levels in lipopolysaccharide induced cognitive impairment in adult mice.” Metab Brain Dis. 2018;33(3):681-691. Pizzino G, et al. “Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health.” Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017:8416763. To read the original article click here.

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Coffee Fruit Nutrition vs. Coffee Beans: How Do They Compare?

The AHA! Team — Mon, 03 Mar 2025 06:16:23 +0000

Rachael Link, MS, RD via Dr. Axe – Also sometimes referred to as the coffee cherry or coffee berry, the coffee fruit is a small, red or purple fruit that is produced by the coffee plant. Like peaches, plums and cherries, this superfruit is technically considered a stone fruit because it has a pit in the middle that contains raw coffee beans. Coffee beans are well-known for their rich aroma and full-bodied flavor, not to mention the jolt of extra energy and the wealth of health benefits they can provide thanks to coffee nutrition. The coffee fruit is often overlooked, however, and not only does this vibrant fruit house the super nutritious coffee bean, but it’s also jam-packed with antioxidants and health-promoting properties all its own, with studies showing that it potentially can boost brain power, fight cancer growth and improve immune function. So what is coffee fruit extract, is coffee a fruit and should you consider adding this ingredient into your daily diet? Let’s break it down and take a closer look at what you need to know about this incredible ingredient. What is coffee fruit? Also sometimes referred to as the coffee cherry or coffee berry, the coffee fruit is a small, red or purple fruit that is produced by the coffee plant. Like peaches, plums and cherries, this superfruit is technically considered a stone fruit because it has a pit in the middle that contains raw coffee beans. Coffee beans are actually classified as the seeds of coffee cherries and are well-known as the staple ingredient in coffee. In the production of coffee, the fruit of the coffee plant is typically discarded, and the beans are then roasted, ground and brewed into the familiar hot beverage that we all know and love. In recent years, more and more research has confirmed the powerful health effects of the coffee fruit, and food manufacturers have begun taking notice, finding new ways to include it in drinks, supplements (including thermogenics) and even baked goods for a sustainable and antioxidant-rich treat. It’s believed that the coffee bean was originally discovered by an Ethiopian goat herder named Kaldi in the year 850 A.D. According to popular legend, he noticed his goats chewing on a bright red berry and becoming increasingly energetic, which prompted him to sample the berries himself. He later brought the coffee fruit to a nearby monastery, but the monks threw the berries into the fire, causing them to emit a delicious coffee aroma and leading to the brewing of the world’s first cup of coffee. However, the first true documented discovery of the coffee plant wasn’t until around the 1500s in Yemen, and the plant was soon exported throughout many other parts of the world within just a few years. Where is coffee grown today? In 1730, coffee was first cultivated in South America, which now accounts for about 45 percent of global coffee exports, with Brazil taking the lead as the top producer of the coffee bean. Currently, it’s estimated that about 54 percent to 75 percent of adults in the United States drink coffee every day, with most consuming an average of about three cups daily and with new variations and brews, such as nitro coffee and decaf coffee, constantly emerging. Unfortunately, the methods used in coffee production generally involve removing the coffee bean from the surrounding fruit and discarding massive amounts of antioxidant-rich coffee fruit, often dumping it into rivers or simply leaving it to rot. Luckily, the food industry has recently started to find innovative, new ways to take advantage of the unique benefits that the coffee fruit has to offer while also using all parts of the coffee plant to help promote sustainability. Coffee fruit vs. coffee beans Coffee fruit is produced by the coffee plant and houses the coffee bean, which is typically extracted, roasted and used in the production of coffee. Most fruits contain two coffee beans, although a small amount contain just one and are believed to have a stronger, richer flavor than regular coffee beans. How do these two compare in terms of nutrition and flavor? For starters, the coffee fruit caffeine content is significantly lower than the bean, which makes it a good option for those who are especially sensitive to the effects of caffeine and looking for an energizing alternative to coffee. While both are loaded with antioxidants, they may contain differing amounts of certain antioxidant compounds. For instance, research has shown that roasting coffee beans diminishes levels of chlorogenic acids, which are natural plant compounds that act as antioxidants. Finally, there are some definite distinctions in the way that these ingredients are commonly processed and consumed. While coffee beans are typically roasted and sold as either whole bean coffee or ground coffee, coffee fruit extract is usually added to supplements and drinks for some extra flavor and nutrients. Health benefits 1. High in antioxidants Antioxidants are powerful compounds present in a variety of fruits, vegetables and superfoods that help fight free radicals to protect against oxidative stress and damage to cells. Some studies have even found that adding more antioxidants to your diet can help reduce the risk of many chronic conditions, including coronary heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Coffee fruit packs in a good amount of antioxidants in each serving to help optimize your health and prevent disease. According to a study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, the amount of coffee antioxidants found in coffee fruit depends largely on the extraction method. In fact, the study found that antioxidant activity in whole coffee fruit extracts was found to be up to 25-fold higher than in powders. 2. Promotes brain health Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a type of protein that is crucial to neuronal health, helping encourage the growth of new neurons in the brain and support the survival of existing brain cells. Not only that, but studies also have shown that BDNF may be especially important when it comes to long-term memory formation and storage. Some research has found a significant relationship between coffee fruit extract and BDNF levels. For instance, a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition showed that treating subjects with whole coffee fruit concentrate powder increased levels of BDNF by a whopping 143 percent, which was significantly more than green coffee caffeine powder and grape seed extract powder. Furthermore, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study found that whole coffee cherry extract could have positive neurophysiological effects in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment. Another randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy humans revealed acute cognitive performance and mood effects of coffeeberry extract. 3. May lower blood pressure When you have high blood pressure, it puts extra strain on the heart, forcing it to work harder to pump blood throughout the body and slowly weakening the heart muscle over time. Coffee fruit is rich in chlorogenic acid, a type of phenolic compound that’s been shown to help lower blood pressure and improve heart health. According to one small study out of Tokyo, consuming chlorogenic acids isolated from green coffee bean extract significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in people with high blood pressure and came with minimal side effects or adverse symptoms. 4. May promote fat-burning and weight loss Coffee fruit and its components have shown potential for promoting fat loss and weight reduction in human studies. A 12-week study involving 150 overweight individuals found that drinking coffee enriched with chlorogenic acid, a compound abundant in coffee fruit, significantly decreased both body and belly fat compared to a control group. In a 24-week investigation conducted by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers, drinking four cups of coffee daily was associated with a modest 4% reduction in body fat. A systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that increased caffeine intake was linked to reduced body mass index, weight and fat mass. 5. Supports healthy aging/longevity Coffee fruit may support healthy aging and longevity through its effects on brain health and antioxidant properties. A study involving 71 older adults with mild mental decline found that consuming coffee fruit extract for 28 days significantly reduced reaction time, suggesting potential benefits for cognitive function. Further research has shown that coffee fruit concentrate can increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by 143% within two hours. BDNF is essential for the survival and growth of neuronal cells in the brain. Coffee fruit also is rich in antioxidants, which help neutralize harmful free radicals that contribute to cell damage and chronic diseases associated with aging. Other potential benefits: Could enhance immunity: Some studies have indicated that coffee fruit may have a powerful impact when it comes to your immune system, working to keep your body healthy and fend off disease and infection. Although research is currently mostly limited to animal models, one study did find that consuming coffee cherry extract was able to increase the activity of immune cells in mice. This could have major implications in the prevention of health and disease, although additional studies are needed to evaluate how coffee fruit may impact immune function for the general population. May have anti-cancer activities: One of the most impressive coffee fruit benefits is its potential ability to suppress the growth and spread of cancer cells. In fact, one promising animal model published in the journal Anticancer Research even found that coffee cherry extract was able to significantly reduce tumor growth in mice by nearly 54 percent after just 10 days. Keep in mind, though, that more research is still needed to understand how coffee fruit may affect cancer cells in humans. Risks and side effects Coffee fruit is considered very safe and associated with very few coffee fruit extract side effects. In fact, because the coffee fruit is significantly lower in caffeine than the coffee bean, it’s much less likely to cause caffeine overdose issues like jitters, anxiety or insomnia. However, it is important to keep in mind that many drinks containing coffee fruit may also contain ingredients like erythritol. What is erythritol? It is a sugar alcohol commonly used as an alternative to sugar to help reduce the caloric content of processed foods. Although it’s generally considered safe and nontoxic, it’s often combined with artificial sweeteners and can cause gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea for some people when paired with fructose. If you’re sensitive to its effects or notice any adverse symptoms after consumption, it’s best to keep intake in moderation to prevent digestive distress. Uses Wondering where to buy coffee fruit and how you can start adding it to your daily routine? Coffee fruit extract is widely available in supplement and liquid extract form from health shops and pharmacies alike. Because of the mild yet slightly sweet coffee fruit taste, coffee extract is also sometimes used as an ingredient in antioxidant drinks or added to supplements for a quick boost of nutrition alongside other superfoods, like the acai berry. Coffee fruit is also a main ingredient in cascara tea, which is made by steeping the flesh of the coffee fruit in hot water to let the flavor infuse and then straining and discarding the pulp for a soothing and delicious beverage. You can also try using coffee flour, a gluten-free flour substitute that’s made from the pulp of discarded coffee fruits used in the production of coffee. It can be combined with other types of flour and boasts a nutty flavor, plus a good amount of protein, fiber, iron, potassium and antioxidants. It can easily be added to many baked goods and desserts to bump up the nutrient profile. Recipes Whether you choose to brew it up into a tea or make some simple swaps in your favorite baked recipes to give them a gluten-free twist, there are plenty of ways to enjoy coffee fruit in its many forms. Here are a couple tasty recipes to get you started: Cascara Tea Gluten-Free Coffee Flour Coconut Cookies Final thoughts Coffee fruit is produced by the coffee plant and is...

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Green Coffee Health Benefits: Real or Imagined?

The AHA! Team — Wed, 29 Jan 2025 06:08:45 +0000

News Editors via Natural News – What is green coffee? (Article republished from GreenMedInfo.com) What is green coffee? Before Dr. Oz featured it on his show this year, creating a global consumer feeding frenzy, it had already been investigated over thirty years ago for its possible liver-regenerating, detoxifying and anti-cancer properties.[i] [ii] [iii] (Article republished from GreenMedInfo.com) This is not to say that roasted coffee does not have its benefits too. In fact, research from the mid-80’s found that roasting coffee produces unique cancer-suppressing compounds not found in green coffee.[iv] Also, technically, the vast majority of studies performed on coffee’s health benefits are on the roasted form, as this is what most people consume globally. Research from the mid-80’s found that roasting coffee produces unique cancer-suppressing compounds not found in green coffee. There may also be unique mood-enhancing, even opiate-like properties in the roasted coffee bean associated with the fat-soluble compound known as cafestrol, which may not be found (or easily absorbed) in green coffee. But this “benefit” may also be a liability for those who may be prone to drinking too much, or feel they are prone to being “addicted” to habitual coffee consumption. But one thing that green coffee definitely has going for it is the fact that it is far higher in sheer antioxidant potential than roasted coffee, and most anything else we consume or drink on a daily basis. Some green coffee bean extracts score 2500 or higher on the ORAC scale, which stands for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity – an abstract measurement of the potential for a substance to reduce oxidative stress. Compare this to an equal weight of blueberries, which scores 10, or Oranges which score 3. This is not to say that blueberries and oranges do not have their own unique health benefits beyond what the ORAC score can reveal – which they do! – but that the green coffee bean is simply a highly concentrated source of antioxidant compounds. And considering how stress, chemical exposures, dietary deficiencies and/or incompatibilities, all lead to increasing oxidative stress in the body (which is a cause of premature aging, cellular damage, and even increased risk for cancers) increasing antioxidant levels in our diet can make a world of difference. Keep in mind that green coffee really isn’t all that “new.” It is believed that cultivation of the coffee bean originated in the area of Arabia on the Red Sea over 900 years ago, and that at the time, the beans were not roasted but brewed in a manner quite similar to tea. [v] So, what are the likely health benefits of green coffee? Despite the present Oz-generated craze to identify green coffee consumption with weight loss, the primary finding is that it has beneficial blood pressure modulating properties. Green Coffee Lowers Blood Pressure Back in 2005, a study published in the journal Hypertension Research found that male volunteers with mild hypertension given various doses of a water-soluble green coffee bean extract (GCE) saw significant reductions , in a dose-related manner, in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure.[vi] The subjects received either 46 mg, 93 mg, or 185 mg of GCE once a day for 28 days. Another study performed in 2006 found similar blood pressure lowering results using 140 mg/day green coffee bean extract of chlorogenic acid . [vii] Finally, a study performed in 2007 found that green coffee is superior to roasted coffee in reducing blood pressure, due to its lower levels of hydroxyhydroquinone, a by-product of the roasting process.[viii] The ordinary coffee group experienced almost no effect. Green Coffee Reduces Weight and Body Mass Index, and May Improve Type 2 Diabetes In the most widely publicized study on green coffee, Dr. Joe Vinson of the University of Scranton lead a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover study which found that the consumption of green coffee bean extract reduced weight in overweight subjects.[ix] Subjects received either a high dose green coffee extract (1050 mg), a lower dose (700 mg) or a placebo for six-weeks, followed by a two-week washout period to reduce any influence of preceding treatment. Primary measurements were body weight, body mass index, and percent body fat. Blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. The results were a significant reduction in observed body weight: “(-8.04± 2.31 kg), body mass index (-2.92 ± 0.85 kg/m(2)), and percent body fat (-4.44% ± 2.00%), as well as a small decrease in heart rate (-2.56 ± 2.85 beats per minute).” There we no significant changes to the diet over the course of the study, and impressively, body mass index for six subjects shifted from preobesity to the normal weight range. The study concluded: “The results are consistent with human and animal studies and a meta-analysis of the efficacy of green coffee extract in weight loss. The results suggest that GCA may be an effective nutraceutical in reducing weight in preobese adults, and may be an inexpensive means of preventing obesity in overweight adults.” Dr. Vinson believes that green coffee’s uniquely high concentration of chlorogenic acid relative to the roasted form may be responsible for some of its observed weight-loss promoting effects. Chlorogenic acid is known to increase the absorption of glucose, which offsets some of the insulin resistance and blood sugar elevations associated with type 2 diabetes. Indeed, there is a solid body of clinical literature linking chlorogenic acid to the well-known anti-diabetic properties of coffee. So, is green coffee a new “magic bullet,” or is it just another fad? We don’t know. But, relative to some of the pharmaceutical interventions used today to “treat” overweight and obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure, the research thus far indicates green coffee may make for a promising natural alternative. Read more at: GreenMedInfo.com To read the original article, click here

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Chicory Root: The Coffee Substitute Loaded with Fiber

The AHA! Team — Mon, 05 Aug 2024 09:47:47 +0000

Jillian Levy, CHHC via Dr. Axe – Do you love your morning of cup of nutrition-rich coffee but find yourself worried about a caffeine overdose? Chicory root may be just the answer you’re looking for. This popular coffee substitute does so much more than just take the place of your favorite breakfast beverage. In addition to providing a boost of extra dietary fiber, chicory root adds a smooth, creamy texture to foods, which makes it a great fat replacement in ice creams, margarines and dressings for those looking to effortlessly increase weight loss. While this doesn’t necessarily replace all the high-quality fiber found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and other high-fiber foods, there are many potential health benefits of chicory root, making it a valuable addition to your daily diet. What Is Chicory Root? Chicory root comes from a perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family, which usually has bright blue flowers. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, including endive or chicons, but ground chicory root is also used for baking or swapped in for coffee. Chicory root is a bit wood-like, and due to its fibrous composition, it’s not digested in the small intestine but instead maintains its form as is travels to the colon or large intestine. The chicory root (Cichorium Intybus) has been around for quite some time and has been cultivated since ancient Egypt. It has also been a popular addition to coffee in France since the 19th century, where it was commonly roasted and ground. Health Benefits 1. Can Help Reduce Stress Caffeine is one of the main ingredients found in coffee, and even small amounts are found in the decaffeinated versions. Consuming caffeine can exacerbate stress, so cutting back on your intake can really help lower levels of epinephrine and cortisol, both of which are released during stressful situations. A 2006 study published in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior showed that regular consumption of caffeine combined with stress caused a significant elevation in cortisol levels. Since chicory contains no caffeine, it’s a great substitute to help reduce your caffeine consumption and keep cortisol levels in check. 2. Contains Anti-Inflammatory Properties Chicory is a great source of plant polyphenols, which are natural compounds that have the ability to help combat inflammation. A study conducted at the University of Pécs Medical School in Hungary found that consuming caffeine-free chicory coffee for one week led to significant improvements in red blood cell deformability, which describes the body’s ability to respond to inflammation by restoring cells to their original condition. This means that chicory can reduce inflammation, which is incredibly important. Why? Because inflammation is the root of most diseases, so reducing inflammation can help stave off many chronic health conditions before they even start. Although more research is needed to evaluate the effects of chicory root for thyroid health, it could also potentially relieve symptoms caused by autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto’s disease, which is a thyroid condition that causes symptoms like weight gain and fatigue. 3. May Protect the Liver Some research shows that chicory root extract can help protect against free radical formation to prevent possible toxicity to the liver. According to one animal study, treatment with chicory extract was able to help with alcohol-induced liver injury in experimental rats. These impressive results demonstrate that chicory extract is rich in natural antioxidants and effective at scavenging harmful free radicals. Therefore, it could potentially boost the defense system of the body while also cleansing the liver. 4. May Prevent or Delay the Onset of Diabetes There are many natural ways to manage and treat diabetes, and it all starts with diet. Chicory may be a good addition to a diabetic diet plan to help prevent or treat this common condition. In one study published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, the effects of roasted chicory extract were examined in 47 healthy adult participants. Chicory root extract was found to improve levels of of adiponectin, a protein that regulates blood sugar levels as well as fatty acid breakdown, which suggests that chicory root extract could delay or prevent the early onset of diabetes as well as improve bowel movements due to its fiber content. 5. Helps Manage Osteoarthritis Interestingly enough, a clinical trial conducted by the Rheumatic Diseases Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center’s Department of Internal Medicine concluded that the extracts of chicory root may have anti-inflammatory properties that could help treat osteoarthritis. In the study, 18 participants over the age of 50 with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were treated with chicory for one month. Of the 18 patients who completed treatment, at least 13 patients showed a 20 percent improvement in response to pain and stiffness, showcasing chicory’s ability to help treat this joint pain. Furthermore, “results of the pilot study suggested that a proprietary bioactive extract of chicory root has a potential role in the management of [osteoarthritis]. Only one patient treated with the highest dose of chicory discontinued treatment due to an adverse effects.” 6. Aids Gut Health Chicory root contains inulin, which is a prebiotic. In fact, a 100-gram serving of fresh chicory roots contains about 68 grams of inulin, making it one of the best food sources of prebiotics available. Prebiotics can help promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. This is why you’re likely to see inulin, or chicory root fiber, in many probiotic supplements. Not only can promoting the growth of your good gut bacteria help enhance digestive health, but it may also boost immune function, optimize nutrient absorption and reduce inflammation as well. Plus, a 2022 study relayed that “chicory has been shown to promote good digestion, to regulate appetite, and to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal diseases.” 7. Can Relieve Constipation Chicory root fiber has been shown to relieve constipation, thanks in large part to its content of inulin. For example, research published in the International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition examined the impact of daily consumption of chicory in older adults with constipation over a period of 28 days. The study revealed that “volunteers in the inulin group reported increased satisfaction about digestion and reduced defecation difficulties during the supplementation… Daily supplementation with 15 grams inulin improves constipation and quality of life in an elderly population with constipation.” Nutrition Facts Chicory is a great source of several key nutrients, including fiber, vitamin B6 and manganese. Plus, it also contains a small amount of other micronutrients, such as vitamin C and potassium. One raw chicory root (about 60 grams) contains approximately: Calories: 43.2 Total Carbohydrates: 10.5 g Fiber: 0.9 g Sugar: 5.2 g Total Fat: 0.1 g Saturated Fat: 0.03 g Polyunsaturated Fat: 0.05 g Trans Fat: 0 g Protein: 0.8 g Sodium: 30 mg (1% DV*) Vitamin B6: 0.1 mg (6% DV) Manganese: 0.1 mg (4% DV) Potassium: 174 mg (4% DV) Vitamin C: 3 mg (3% DV) *Daily Value: Percentages are based on a diet of 2,000 calories a day. Uses Chicory root fiber contains inulin, a type of plant-based carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by digestive enzymes. It is typically produced by pulling the inulin from the roots of chicory plants, which creates chicory root extract. Inulin is classified as both a soluble fiber and a type of prebiotic. Soluble fiber can hold water and thicken, which can add bulk to foods. It’s one of the reasons that it’s widely used in recipes, along with its ability to retain moisture and create a creamy texture. Inulin is frequently found in low-fat or dairy-free yogurt, ice cream, and ready-to-drink protein shakes. Breads and baked goods may contain inulin to replace gluten as well. Soluble fibers also help slow down the time it takes for food to travel through the body, which can help you feel fuller for longer while also stabilizing blood sugar levels. Ice cream, yogurt, protein shakes, high-fiber/low-carb energy bars, cereals, breads and granola products often contain chicory root fiber. In addition to adding bulk to foods, it also makes products a bit healthier by boosting their fiber content, without adding extra calories. In addition, it’s cheap to manufacture and has a naturally sweet taste. This is yet another attractive characteristic for food manufacturers, as using a chicory root sweetener can bump up the flavor of foods without added sugar, calories or carbs. It also makes it a great addition to a ketogenic diet for those looking to quickly boost weight loss while also cutting back on carbs. Inulin’s pleasant taste and low cost are reasons why it’s been used in combination with coffee during times of shortages. In fact, that discovery led to what is still known today as New Orleans-style coffee or chicory root coffee, which is a blend of regular or decaffeinated coffee and chicory root powder. Wondering where to buy chicory root fiber? Thanks to its growing popularity, it can often be found at many supermarkets and health food stores. It’s also widely available online, either ground or in supplement form. Chicory Root vs. Psyllium Husk Chicory root and psyllium husk are both rich in fiber, which can be useful for maintaining blood sugar control and supporting regularity. Psyllium husk comes from a shrub-like herb called Plantago ovata, which grows worldwide but is most common in India. Meanwhile, chicory root fiber is the root of the chicory plant and has a pleasant, sweet taste. Both are commonly used as supplements in tablet or capsule form. Ground chicory root and psyllium husk can also be added to smoothies or shakes as well. Here’s a closer look at how the two stack up: Chicory Root Natural, plant-based starch Helps treat diabetes Relieves constipation Improves cholesterol levels Prebiotic High-fiber Can help remedy IBS Treats diarrhea Treats eczema Relieves gas and bloating Psyllium Husk Natural, plant-based starch Can help treat diabetes Relieves constipation Improves cholesterol levels Prebiotic High-fiber Treats diarrhea Helps eczema Relieves gas and bloating Reduces colon cancer risk and heart disease Treats hemorrhoids, hypertension and inflammatory bowel diseases Interesting Facts It’s thought that the coffee mixed with chicory concoction probably began in Holland and spread across other parts of Europe in the 1800s. Chicory root has traditionally been used in tea or in medicinal remedies to treat issues like jaundice, liver enlargement, gout and rheumatism. While chicory became an American interest, coffee became the beverage of choice, and New Orleans became the second largest importer of coffee in the United States. However, it was during the American Civil War that Louisianans considered adding chicory root to their coffee due to the Union naval blockades cutting off shipments to the port. In fact, chicory root was often used in times of shortages of coffee and was even used in prisons to help stretch out the coffee supply. Acorns and beets were later used in place of coffee as well. However, chicory had a more similar flavor profile, making it a much better and more cost-effective match. Regardless, any Louisiana native will tell you that it’s not only one of the best and most delicious traditions, but it’s also a must-have when visiting. Known as the chicory in a café au lait, which is chicory coffee with hot milk, it has become an essential part of the history of New Orleans. You can find chicory a the grocery in the coffee aisle, and most claim that the few brands available all originated right in New Orleans. Risks and Side Effects There are numerous studies that still need to be conducted regarding chicory root fiber and chicory root extract. While research shows that there are several health benefits of chicory root, it’s always best to get fiber from whole foods whenever possible. If you have any underlying health conditions, be sure to check with your doctor before consuming chicory or taking a chicory root supplement. Chicory coffee is not recommended for women who are pregnant as it may trigger menstrual bleeding or miscarriage. Some people may also be allergic to chicory, which can cause...

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Yes, Coffee Can Help You Live Longer and Protect You From Cardiovascular Disease, With a Few Caveats

AHA Publisher — Fri, 07 Oct 2022 07:00:22 +0000

Patrick Tims via NaturalHealth365 – Coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages. Here in the United States and in 17 other countries, September 29th is celebrated as National Coffee Day. For the rest of the world, October 1st is International Coffee Day. It is all about celebrating a love of the caffeinated beverage made from the beans of the tropical evergreen coffee plant and paying respect to the world’s coffee farmers. The possible health benefits of coffee have been percolating in the news for years: Coffee can lower your risk for diabetes, coffee may protect against disease and even some cancers. More recently, headlines claim that coffee can extend your life or reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Good news, coffee lovers. The claim is mostly true. New research showed that people that drank two to three cups of coffee a day appear to live longer. The study also found that there was a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. All types of coffee, including ground, instant, and decaf, appeared to provide this health benefit. The research was published on September 27, 2022, in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Maya Vadivloo backs the claim that coffee is good for you, with some caveats. She is the Associate Professor and Director in Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences at the University of Rhode Island. Vadivloo is an expert on nutrition, appearing often on such outlets as Today.com. “Based on existing evidence, I would say it is mostly true that coffee consumption appears to protect against cardiovascular and total mortality, with a few caveats. I believe evidence remains inconclusive about intake >5 cups/day and that the method of preparation may matter, with some question about whether compounds released when boiling coffee (vs. drip or similar methods) may be less favorable (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7524812/).” For those who don’t drink our coffee black, are the benefits still there after we add flavorings such as sugar or cream? “The addition of milk etc. to coffee does not eliminate all health benefits,” says Vadiveloo. “However, in line with other recommendations for a healthy dietary pattern, limiting forms of added sugar and replacing high-fat dairy with low-fat products would be better for health outcomes and energy balance.” Is coffee the magic bullet that will help us live longer, healthier lives? Not quite, says Vadiveloo. “While I love coffee, I am always cautious of media coverage that suggests there is some ‘magic bullet’ to improve mortality. While I believe there is compelling evidence that 2-3 cups (or even <5 cups of coffee) have cardioprotective and mortality benefits, it’s not a recommendation that exists in isolation. Regular coffee consumption when part of a heart-healthy diet rich in minimally processed fruits, vegetables, healthy sources of protein (mostly plant sources like nuts and legumes, seafood, and fish), whole grains, heart-healthy vegetable oils, and limited in added sugars, salt, and high fat meats as advocated by the recent American Heart Association dietary guidance (https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031) is the secret to improving overall health and mortality. (**disclaimer, I was a part of the AHA writing group) So I would say, if people enjoy coffee, they should continue to do so as part of a healthy dietary pattern, and to be mindful of what things they add to their coffee to maximize the health benefits. And further, if people want to replace less healthy beverages in their diet (e.g., sodas and fruit juices) with coffee, that would be a positive step.” To read the original article click here.

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5 Energizing Alternatives to Coffee

AHA Publisher — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 07:10:59 +0000

Erin Young via Dr. Axe – Love the buzz from your steamy mug of coffee but hate the slump after your spike in energy? We have found five delicious alternatives to coffee that will keep you energized throughout the day and deliver amazing health benefits. But first, let’s talk more about coffee and why you may want to consider making a switch. The Dark Side of Coffee The recommended daily maximum of coffee is three to four cups, which is 400 milligrams of caffeine, and for the average person, drinking coffee can be healthy in moderation. But drinking more than the daily recommended level of coffee (or any at all, for those sensitive to caffeine) may result in some adverse health effects that are consistent with a caffeine overdose. Those effects can include: Weight gain: Caffeine in coffee can increase the level of your stress hormone cortisol, and elevated cortisol may cause weight gain. Low energy: Caffeine stimulates the body’s adrenal system, which boosts energy for a short time but then crashes it to leave you fatigued. Mineral deficiency: Caffeine affects iron absorption in your stomach. It also reduces your kidneys’ ability to store calcium, zinc, magnesium and other important minerals. Disrupted sleep: Caffeine stays in your nervous system for four to six hours, so even if you feel fatigued when you go to bed, the caffeine can still disrupt your sleep. Sound scary, or does the idea of having to power through your day without caffeine sound even scarier? Well, fear not! Next are five great alternatives to coffee that will help you keep your coffee cravings in check but your energy levels soaring! 5 Healthy Alternatives to Coffee 1. Matcha Green Tea Powder Matcha green tea powder is the whole green tea leaf stone ground into a fine powder. To drink matcha, dissolve the powder into water to create a tea packed with antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Matcha is an excellent alternative to coffee. A two-gram serving of matcha (a little more than half a teaspoon) contains enough caffeine to give you an energy boost, but the amount is only a fifth of the caffeine in a standard cup of coffee. Additionally, the caffeine in matcha is delivered slowly to your body over a period of six to eight hours. As a result, matcha delivers long-lasting energy that does not leave you with the “jitters,” energy slumps or sleepless nights. Matcha also contains the highest natural concentration of the amino acid L-theanine. L-theanine promotes alpha waves in the brain, which enhance concentration and boost dopamine to improve memory. There are many more incredible matcha health benefits, including its ability to support the immune system, boost weight loss and deliver cancer-fighting antioxidants. 2. Water Did you know that one of the primary signs of dehydration is fatigue? If you feel tired, have a headache or find it hard to focus, then you may actually be dehydrated. The majority of people make the mistake of drinking water only when they feel thirsty. Thirst, however, is one of the last symptoms that appears as a result of dehydration — and usually only after fatigue the fatigue sets in. When lacking adequate hydration, science has proven that your body will not perform at its best. One study of athletes found that low levels of hydration significantly affected their capacity for exercise. To help you drink enough water (the daily recommended amount for adults is about two liters, or half a gallon), keep a bottle with you at all times, and try infusing it with natural flavor from fresh produce, like watermelon, cucumber or ginger. 3. Green Smoothie or Green Vegetable Juices Introducing more greens into your diet can dramatically boost your energy levels because of all the nutrients and antioxidants they contain. If you’re not a fan of tons of large salads or plates full of broccoli, a green vegetable juice or smoothie is an easy way to boost your vegetable intake. Just half a cup of spinach in your smoothie is a rich source of iron that can protect against anemia, a condition that is relatively common among women and another cause of fatigue.A daily green juice can also protect your cardiovascular health. One study showed that consuming 300 milliliters of green juice daily for six weeks reduced bad LDL cholesterol by 9 percent. When making your green juice or smoothies, make sure that 95 percent of the blend contains vegetables rather than fruit to keep the total sugar level low. For a bonus energy kick, you can also add in a superfood supplement like spirulina, barley greens or matcha green tea powder — all of which make healthy alternatives to coffee. 4. Yerba Mate If you’ve traveled to Brazil or Argentina, you likely know how wild South Americans are about yerba mate. The herbal beverage is made from the leaves of the yerba mate plant that has been picked and dried in a similar way to tea leaves. The drink is then produced by steeping the leaves in hot water. The taste of yerba mate is similar to brewed green tea leaves, and it’s also said to deliver a buzz like coffee but with added focus, fewer jitters and less of an impact on sleep. One serving of yerba mate contains around three-fourths the caffeine of a cup of coffee, but it also delivers amino acids and nutrients. You can also try other herbal teas, such as guayusa, ginger, chamomile and more. 5. Protein-Based Smoothie Protein is critical in providing energy to your body, and published studies show that protein boosts alertness and concentration by exciting the brain chemical orexin into production mode. To help supply your body with sustained energy, try adding a protein-based smoothie into your day. Green vegetables have minimal amounts of protein, so to really boost the protein power, try adding in chia seeds, nut butter, hemp or a high-quality powder supplement, like collagen or protein powder made from bone broth. Conclusion Coffee in itself is not unhealthy when consumed in moderation, but there are healthy, energizing alternatives to coffee out there. Introducing a selection of alternative drinks into your diet can deliver some surprising health benefits. Staying hydrated with water and fueling your body with protein can ensure sustainable energy levels all day. Matcha green tea powder is a perfect coffee alternative that delivers an energy boost as well as and health benefits. Erin Young is a heath food writer and a tea expert. She owns two tea companies: Evergreen Matcha in the USA and Zen Green Matcha Tea in Australia. She partners with sustainable tea farms in Kyoto, Japan, to source her premium matcha green tea powder. To read the original article click here.

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How Does Coffee Affect the Immune System?

AHA Publisher — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 07:14:43 +0000

Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. via News-Medical – As one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, coffee is largely consumed for its stimulating effects due to its caffeine concentration. Although previous studies touted coffee as a potential source of health problems, recent studies have found that coffee elicits a wide range of benefits to human health, particularly on the immune system. What Is the Chemical Composition of Coffee? When prepared as a beverage, coffee consists of volatile and non-volatile compounds, including carbohydrates, nitrogenous compounds, lipids, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. Notably, the concentration of certain compounds within coffee depends upon the amount of grounded coffee used to prepare the drink, the roasting and brewing methods, the quality of water used, and the incorporation of other ingredients into the final product. Caffeine One of the most notable chemicals in coffee is caffeine, which is chemically known as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine. This alkaloid, naturally found in coffee beans, stimulates the central nervous system and has also been shown to elicit positive effects on long-term memory. Within a single cup of coffee, the caffeine content can range from 30 milligrams (mg) to as high as 350 mg. Like any other component of coffee, the caffeine concentration within a single cup of coffee depends upon the type of coffee beans used to prepare the drink, as well as both the brewing and roasting methods. Aside from its ability to improve focus, memory, and clarity upon consumption, the caffeine within coffee is also associated with several beneficial effects on the immune system. For example, mouse models have shown caffeine to reduce the levels of various inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-3, IL-13, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similar effects have been observed in obese rats consuming caffeine, which was found to suppress the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Chlorogenic Acid Black coffee and, to a greater extent, green coffee are rich in chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol that plays a primary role in the antioxidant activity of coffee. More specifically, CGA and its isomers capture superoxide anions of hydroxyl radicals, thereby reducing the extent and subsequent impact of damaging oxidative processes. By preventing oxidation and supporting any antioxidant deficiencies within the body, CGA also supports the immune system against the dangerous effective of ROS and other reactive chemicals. Within a single cup of coffee, the concentration of CGA can range from 70 to 350 mg. The concentration of CGA within a cup of coffee is also primarily dependent upon the method used to roast the coffee beans, as well as the amount of coffee consumed. Probiotic Delivery By definition, probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when consumed in adequate amounts. Some of the primary health benefits associated with the consumption of probiotic species include enhanced immune and gut functions. One of the most common dietary sources of probiotics is dairy products; however, numerous efforts have been made to develop non-dairy sources of probiotic foods. Recently, researchers have looked towards coffee brews as a delivery source of probiotics. In particular, non-fermented probiotic coffee formulations have been successfully curated, all the while maintaining the viability of the probiotics against high temperatures normally encountered during the coffee brewing process. Comparatively, fermented probiotic coffees offer a much more significant health benefit than non-fermented products. In fact, researchers have hypothesized that a successfully fermented probiotic coffee could increase the bioavailability of various endogenous coffee components, including melanoidins and phenolic compounds. Protection Against Autoimmune Diseases In addition to caffeine and CGA, some of the other notable components of coffee that elicit various benefits to the immune system include kahweol, cafestol, and arabinogalactans. Within the innate immune system, these compounds allow coffee to contribute to the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells through their action on C-reactive proteins and toll-like receptors. By enhancing the activity of natural killer cells, coffee may also prevent their degeneration, thereby protecting coffee consumers against various autoimmune diseases. Comparatively, within the acquired immune system, the caffeine content within coffee potentially suppresses the proliferation of Th1 and Th2 cells. As a result, coffee can reduce the damage caused by the release of cytokines due to overactive T- and B-cells. The association between coffee consumption and the prevention of autoimmune diseases has been investigated in various types of studies. To this end, these studies have found that coffee intake can reduce the risk of Rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, autoimmune liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Conclusions Over the past several years, various studies have demonstrated that the consumption of coffee has positive effects on the immune system. Nevertheless, daily caffeine intake should not exceed 400 mg/day in adults and 200 mg/day in pregnant and breastfeeding women. References Acikalin, B., & Sanlier, N. (2021). Coffee and its effects on the immune system. Trends in Food Science & Technology 114; 625-632. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.023. Chan, M. Z. A., & Liu, S. (2022). Coffee brews as food matrices for delivering probiotics: Opportunities, challenges, and potential health benefits. Trends in Food Science & Technology 119; 227-242. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.030. Farag, M. A., von Bergen, M., Saleh, B. M., et al. (2021). How do green and black coffee brews and bioactive interaction with gut microbiome affect its health outcomes? Mining evidence from mechanistic studies, metagenomics and clinical trials. Trends in Food Science & Technology 118B; 920-937. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.004. To read the original article click here.

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