boredom Archives - Amazing Health Advances

The Psychology Behind Nail Biting

AHA Publisher — Fri, 19 Aug 2022 07:00:56 +0000

Dr. Nicola Williams, Ph.D. via News-Medical – Nail biting is a common behavior often viewed as nothing more than an annoying habit. The behavior is all too often ignored. However, nail biting can be serious and it is a misunderstood and misdiagnosed disorder. This article probes nail-biting as a medical condition, seeks to understand who is most likely to be afflicted by the distressing condition, and looks at its association with mental health conditions. Is Nail Biting Actually a Medical Condition? Nail biting is known medically as onychophagia. It is a type of self-grooming behavior involving biting and chewing the nails, including the toenails. It is a destructive habit, especially when it is repeated and exhibited in response to stressful circumstances. Nail biting can lead to serious problems such as infection and mental health conditions. And yet onychophagia currently resides as a non-official diagnostic entity. In recent years the problem has been receiving an increasing amount of scientific attention. And several articles have appeared in popular media attesting to the potential gravity of the condition if it is left untreated. Nail biting sits among other conditions such as trichotillomania (skin picking) under the umbrella of pathological grooming. Research has been carried out to try to understand whether these conditions all stem from similar underlying tendencies. A related psychiatric disorder is known as onychotillomania and is associated with chronic picking and manicuring the nails. Nail Biting and Young People Nail biting is prevalent in children and adolescents. It occurs in 20-33% of children and nearly half of teenagers ––a whopping 45% (Siddiqui et al., 2020). Although the problem is much reduced approaching adulthood, in some it does unfortunately persist. In the US, research has shown that up to one in three people meet the clinical diagnostic criteria for the presence of at least one pathological grooming behavior. This statistic is rather surprising given the figures are greater than those for depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse (Maraz, et al. 2017; Bijil et al., 1998; Offord, et al., 1996). What are the reasons behind nail biting? Research has revealed the following common reasons for the behavior (Siddiqui et al., 2020): Nervousness: Due to stress and anxiety. In this instance, nail biting is temporarily appealing due to the calming effect it has on the nervous system Emotions: Our emotional make-up is integral to why we turn to nail biting. Shyness and low self-esteem can have an effect in addition to the pain caused by highly traumatic life events such as death or divorce Perfectionism: As discussed above those with this trait exhibit a low tolerance for boredom and frustration that is alleviated by nail-biting Boredom: due to inactivity/for want of finding something better to do Imitation: Children copying adult behavior Psychosomatic: This is usually seen in aggressive families And this list brings us to the psychology of nail-biting, a behavior frequently associated with mental health conditions and, less obviously, with a particular type of personality. The Psychology of Nail Biting Mental health conditions associated with nail biting can involve severe emotional distress, depression, and anxiety. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM–5), NB is classified as an “Other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder” with the specification of “body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRBs),” whereas the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD-10 classifies the practice as “other specified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence” (Siddiqui et al., 2020). Common psychiatric conditions linked to nail biting in children are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. In addition, some other co-morbid disorders include major depressive disorder, tic disorder, forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, enuresis (involuntary urination), mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder and sometimes also generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. There is a classification system linked with nail biting as follows (Siddiqui et al., 2020): Nail biters who do it without realizing Nail biting to control anxiety Nail biting for the purposes of attention seeking Self-injurious nail biting to control aggression Nail biting as part of the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum Nail biting according to the DSM-5: other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder Nail biting according to the ICD-10: other specified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence Nail biting that is classified as Pathological and Non-pathological It is thought that nail biting may also be linked with having a perfectionist personality type. Perfectionism is associated with a low boredom threshold and a much-reduced tolerance for frustration. So, what can be done for those suffering from this all-too-common disorder? To begin with, raising awareness about the condition and its impact seems to be a good place to start. In terms of dealing with the condition, certainly in children, admonishment is completely ineffective. However, positive reinforcement and behavioral modification techniques have so far shown much promise. References Bijl, R. et al. 1998. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidem. Doi: 10.1007/s001270050098 Maraz, A. et al. 2017. Pathological grooming: Evidence for a single factor behind trichotillomania, skin picking and nail biting. PLoS One. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183806 Offord, D. et al. 1996. One-year prevalence of psychiatric disorder in Ontarians 15 to 64 years of age. Can J Psychiatry. Doi: 10.1177/070674379604100904 Siddiqui, J. 2020. Onychophagia (Nail Biting): an overview. Indian Journal of Mental Health. 7: 97. To read the original article click here.

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Are You Addicted to Doomscrolling? (Plus How to Stop)

AHA Publisher — Wed, 18 Nov 2020 08:00:55 +0000

Christine Ruggeri, CHHC via Dr. Axe – Do you have a habit of scrolling endlessly through social media, looking for answers or clarity? If this perpetual rabbit hole of scrolling — refreshing and scrolling again — is leaving you feeling agitated, hopeless and drained, you’re officially doomscrolling. Doomscrolling can have a major impact on your mental and physical health. If you’re caught in the routine of scrolling several times throughout the day, searching aimlessly for more and more negative content, it’s time to cut back on your time online and find new, more positive outlets. It’s for your own health, after all. What Is Doomscrolling? Doomscrolling is when you continue to scroll through bad news or even seek it out, even when it leaves you feeling sad or agitated. It’s been described as an “endless procession of negative online news.” For many people, the pandemic has intensified these habits. Findings from this past April that were reported by Pew Research Center indicate that 53 percent of American adults say the internet has been essential for them during the pandemic. In addition, 34 percent of U.S. adults describe the internet as “important, but not essential.” It appears that we may be using the internet now more than ever. Over the last eight months, many adults began working from home, from their computers, making internet use even more prevalent. People also are suffering from feelings of isolation and loneliness, so they use the internet to connect with others. But why are people doomscrolling if it leaves them feeling sad or even panicked? For some, it’s like an addiction that’s fed by the false notion that staying informed will provide a sense of security — when, in reality, it causes just the opposite. Doomscrolling not only negatively impacts your mood, but it can also disrupt sleep, focus and concentration. Because it alters your mental health, it can also negatively affect your physical health and cause issues such as: headaches sugar cravings overeating low energy brain fog digestive issues If you’re constantly doomscrolling, you may be dealing with chronic stress, which can have a serious impact on your overall health. How to Stop 1. Set Aside Time to Scroll If you like to scroll through your Facebook feed or Twitter for the latest news, you’re not alone. Many adults use social media as their news source. To avoid doomscrolling and its effects on your mental and physical health, however, set aside a specific amount of time for scrolling through the news. Maybe that’s 20 minutes in the morning and 20 minutes in the evening. Make it work for your schedule, and set a timer on your phone if you have to. You can also track your screen time to keep yourself accountable. Why is it so important to reduce your social media and scrolling time? One study published in the American Journal of Health Behavior indicates that people categorized as “Wired” or “Connected” in defining their social media use have an increased association with the the risk for depression and anxiety. 2. Declutter Your Phone and Laptop If you’re prone to doomscrolling, it may be time to minimize the apps on your phone, laptop and desktop so you’re less likely to use them in between tasks or when “wasting time.” If you’re triggered by one app in particular, then delete it from your phone so that it’s not always at your fingertips. Why consider deleting a social media app? A study published in Cureusfound that prolonged use of social media platforms, such as Facebook, may be related to negative signs and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. 3. Stop All Notifications From News Sources Are you getting a push notification every time a news story breaks? If so, stop! Push notifications are meant to enhance and increase smartphone engagement. They can be distracting and leave you scrolling, again, even when you were in middle of a task. Stop all push notifications, which entice you to spend more time scrolling. 4. Don’t Click on Triggering Articles You can usually tell from the headline whether or not the article will trigger you. More bad news? More divisive? Then skip it. These articles can leave you feeling isolated, sad, angry and hopeless. Instead, stick to positive, informative and uplifting content. 5. Avoid Debate Commenting Let’s face it — your social media debate commenting rarely changes a person’s mind or gives you a sense of security or community. In fact, it likely makes you feel more isolated and agitated. One study conducted in the U.K. suggests that posting about feelings and venting on social media predicted low mood and self-estreem and high paranoia. If you’re doomscrolling and come across a post that makes you want to comment, perhaps discuss the issue with your spouse or loved one instead. You’re likely to get better clarity and positive reinforcement that way. 6. Don’t Read News Articles on Social Media Does all of your news come from social media? If you are constantly refreshing your social media timelines for the newest stories, it’s a much better idea to visit a specific news website instead. Or, better yet, rely on a printed newspaper that you can read leisurely in the morning and put away for the remainder of the day. You may actually retain the information when reading news in a different format, like print. One study published in Human Factors found that a scrolling format reduced understanding of complex topics from web pages, especially for readers who were lower in working memory capacity. 7. Find Your People We need to maintain a sense of community for our mental and physical health. Communicating with groups of like-minded people is good for the soul. Organizing charity events or working together to conduct acts of kindness make it even better. Research shows that community-belonging is an important component of health prevention and can even promote healthier behaviors, like exercise and improved diet. 8. Find Other Outlets If you’re doomscrolling out of boredom, work on finding other outlets that actually improve your overall health and well-being. Add uplifting activities into your daily routine, like going for a walk outdoors, yoga at home, meditation, reading a fictional story, talking on the phone or Zooming with friends, and cooking for loved ones. To read the original article click here. For more articles from Dr. Axe click here.

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