anti-bacterial Archives - Amazing Health Advances

NIH Grant Supports Study of Copper’s Role in Killing Harmful Bacteria

The AHA! Team — Fri, 21 Feb 2025 06:07:49 +0000

University of Arizona Health Sciences via News-Medical – A researcher at the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson received a $1.9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue his research into uncovering the mysteries of copper – specifically, how it can be harnessed to kill harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. “We started using copper tens of thousands of years ago to cut down on bacterial infections. People used to store their food in copper pots, which helped cut down on spoilage. Copper doorknobs have been shown to cut down on hospital-acquired infections. We’re still finding more things it can do.” -Michael D.L. Johnson, PhD, associate professor of immunobiology Johnson said he hopes one of these potential new uses could form the backbone of a next-generation antibiotic; however, to build a solid foundation for the pharmaceutical research, his lab aims to learn more about what makes copper toxic to bacteria in the first place. The research is being made possible by an R35 grant, which is reserved for scientists with outstanding research records and the potential to make major contributions to their fields. Using Streptococcus pneumoniae as a model organism, Johnson and his team will attempt to learn what makes bacterial cells vulnerable to copper. “It’s a pretty prominent pathogen. More than a million people die per year because of these bacteria,” he said, referring to the bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs, brain, nose and blood. “Our laboratory is interested in trying to figure out how it ticks. Our way of doing that is to understand how it gets its nutrition.” The human body uses minerals such as iron and calcium, which we get from our diets, to keep bodily processes running. Bacteria are no different in that they need minerals to function, but copper, which is essential in the human diet, can be toxic to bacteria. “There are certain minerals that bacteria don’t want in excess, and that’s where copper comes into play,” said Johnson, who is a member of the BIO5 Institute. “There are a lot of ways we can weaponize copper. We’re trying to study how our body uses copper as a mechanism to kill pathogens.” Johnson believes that by flooding bacteria’s environment with excess copper, researchers may be able to trick them into building essential proteins with the wrong materials. We’re trying to study how our body uses copper as a mechanism to kill pathogens “Copper can displace iron, manganese or other metals and inactivate the protein,” he said. “It would be like me trying to start my wife’s car with my key. It doesn’t work.” Johnson will build on his previous studies investigating how S. pneumoniae reacts to copper and complement parallel studies performed in his lab to learn more about copper as an antimicrobial. He said his goal is to untangle exactly what makes copper toxic to S. pneumoniae and use that information to draw conclusions about similar bacteria. “All bacteria are different, but there are some mission-critical systems that are the same from bacteria to bacteria. How they process some of these metals is almost identical,” he said. “What I’m studying can be applied to other bacteria, but first we need to understand the basic mechanism of how these things work.” Johnson said that while new antibiotics are slow to be developed and approved, antibiotic resistance is on the rise among pathogens, meaning that infections that were once easily cured with medicine could someday be deadly again. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers antibiotic resistance a danger to public health, with drug-resistant S. pneumoniae classified as a “serious threat.” “Bacteria are quite crafty. They will mutate to overcome antibiotics,” Johnson said. “Our bodies have evolved to use copper to kill bacteria, and to this day, copper is still toxic. We want to take advantage of that to help people with life-threatening infections.” This research is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, a division of the National Institutes of Health, under award no. R35GM128653. Source: University of Arizona Health Sciences To read the original article click here.

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Kola Nut: The Little-Known Ingredient that Supports Energy Levels

The AHA! Team — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 06:30:00 +0000

Rachael Link, MS, RD via Dr. Axe – Although few people have ever heard of the kola nut, it’s a common ingredient found in everything from soft drinks to herbal supplements. Although few people have ever heard of the kola nut, it’s a common ingredient found in everything from soft drinks to herbal supplements. Not only does this nutritious nut boast a unique flavor and aroma, but it’s also brimming with caffeine as well. In fact, each pod packs the equivalent caffeine content of about two cups of coffee nutrition, along with a host of antioxidants and other health-promoting compounds. Ready to learn more? Keep reading for everything you need to know about the kola nut, including its benefits, side effects and potential uses. What is the kola nut? The kola nut, sometimes also called the cola nut, is a type of edible nut that comes from the kola tree, which is native to West Africa. These trees can grow up to 60 feet tall and are notable for their vibrant yellow flowers and star-shaped fruits, each of which contains two to five kola nuts. These healthy nuts are high in caffeine and often used as an herbal supplement and natural food flavoring. The kola nut taste is initially very bitter, but it becomes sweeter when chewed. The nuts can be dried, giving them a much more mild flavor and nutmeg-like aroma. Keep in mind that the kola nut should not be confused with gotu kola or bitter kola, also known as Garcinia kola. Like the kola nut, these two plants are known for their medicinal properties and have been used to treat a variety of ailments. However, despite having similar names, they are unrelated and belong to completely different species of plants. Types/varieties Kola nuts are very common throughout West Africa and often consumed fresh or dried for a quick burst of caffeine. Red and white kola are the two main varieties, each of which is produced by the same plant species and sometimes even found within the same pod. These nuts also play a central role in many cultures and traditions. In a kola nut Igbo ceremony, for example, the nut is presented to welcome visitors and used to symbolize peace and goodwill. In other parts of the world, kola nut extract and kola nut powder are much more common than the fresh nut itself. These ingredients are found in many sodas, energy drinks, weight loss drugs and herbal supplements. In addition to bumping up the caffeine content of these products, the nuts also provide a unique taste and aroma. Health benefits Rich in caffeine, theobromine and disease-fighting antioxidants, the kola nut has been linked to a number of powerful benefits. Here are a few of the ways that this healthy nut could impact your health. 1. Enhances energy levels Kola nuts are high in caffeine, a compound found in coffee and tea that acts as a central nervous stimulant. Caffeine alters the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to increased energy levels, focus and alertness. What’s more, studies even have shown that moderate amounts of caffeine could also enhance endurance, brain function and mood while decreasing the perception of fatigue. 2. May promote weight loss Thanks primarily to its caffeine content, some research has suggested that the kola nut could potentially help ramp up weight loss. This is because caffeine has been shown to increase metabolism by bumping up the amount of calories burned throughout the day. It may also help decrease energy intake, which could also be beneficial for weight loss. A 2002 study published in the International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders examined the effects of an herbal supplement with kola nut on weight loss. In this six-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 167 people were divided into taking a placebo or the herbal treatment for six months. After six months, the kola nut supplementation group had greater weight loss and lost more body fat, not to mention saw a decrease in LDL cholesterol and increase in HDL cholesterol compared to the placebo group. This led researchers to conclude that the kola nut supplement promoted weight and fat loss and improved lipid profiles. 3. Could help treat migraines Caffeine has long been used as a natural remedy to provide quick relief from headaches and migraines. It works by constricting blood vessels in the brain, which can decrease blood flow and reduce pain. According to a review in the Journal of Headache and Pain, combining caffeine with over-the-counter medications like aspirin or ibuprofen significantly improved symptoms of migraines and tension headaches compared to medications alone. Historically, kola nuts have been used to treat migraines and headaches, along with many other conditions ranging from morning sickness to indigestion. However, more scientific studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the kola nut and whether or not it can treat or prevent headaches. 4. Helps stabilize blood sugar Several recent studies have focused on the potential relationship between the kola nut and diabetes. According to a 2019 animal model published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, kola nut extract was found to have powerful anti-diabetic properties and was able to decrease blood sugar levels when administered to rats. Not only that, but treatment with kola nut extract was also able to improve the function of beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for the production of insulin. Kola nuts are also rich in caffeine, which may be beneficial for balancing blood sugar levels. One massive review in Archives of Internal Medicine even found that each cup of coffee consumed per day was associated with a 7 percent lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, more research on humans is needed to confirm the anti-diabetic effects of kola nut. 5. May block growth of bacteria Some research has found that the kola nut could possess potent antibacterial properties, which could potentially help prevent the growth of harmful, disease-causing pathogens. For instance, one in vitro study conducted in Nigeria noted that red and white kola nut extracts were effective against several strains of bacteria, including Streptococcus anginosus and Proteus vulgans, both of which can cause dangerous infections in humans. Uses What foods contain kola nut, and how can you start incorporating it into your diet? Depending on where you live, you may have a hard time finding fresh kola nuts for sale at your local supermarket. Certain online retailers and specialty shops may carry them, but they are often more widely available in powder, capsule or tincture form instead. Try mixing powdered varieties into yogurt, smoothies or cereals for a kick of caffeine and antioxidants. Alternatively, you can use it to brew kola nut tea by combining one teaspoon with a cup of hot water and steeping for a few minutes to taste. Nutrition facts Kola nuts are high in caffeine, a compound that acts as a central nervous stimulant and has been linked to a long list of potential health benefits, ranging from increased energy levels to reductions in hunger and appetite. In addition to providing a hearty dose of caffeine in each serving, kola nuts are also high in theobromine, a chemical compound found in food sources like chocolate and tea leaves. Theobromine can dilate the blood vessels, stimulate the heart and act as a natural diuretic to promote urine production. Kola nuts also offer a range of antioxidants and polyphenols, including catechin, epicatechin, apigenin and naringenin. Risks and side effects According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the kola nut is generally recognized as safe for human consumption. However, although this nutritious nut can be safely consumed by most, there are a few kola nut side effects to consider as well. Because kola nuts are high in caffeine, it’s very important to keep your intake in moderation. Not only is caffeine very addictive, but consuming high amounts can cause side effects like hyperactivity, nervousness, fidgeting and sleep problems. It’s generally recommended to limit caffeine intake to fewer than 400 milligrams per day for most healthy adults. However, those who are pregnant should limit their caffeine consumption to fewer than 200 milligrams per day to avoid caffeine overdose. Caffeine is also not recommended for infants, children or adolescents, as there is limited research on its safety or potential side effects. If you have any underlying health conditions or take any medications, it’s best to consult with your doctor before making any changes to your diet or starting any new supplements. Conclusion What is the kola nut? Native to West Africa, the kola nut is a popular ingredient derived from the fruit of the kola tree. Keep in mind that this specific type of nut should not be confused with the bitter kola nut, a plant that is also known for its medicinal properties but is unrelated to the kola nut. Although they are often enjoyed raw, dried or ground in many parts of the world, kola nuts are also a common ingredient in sodas, sports drinks, weight loss drugs and herbal supplements. Potential kola nut benefits include increased energy levels, enhanced weight loss, better blood sugar control, decreased bacterial growth, and relief from migraines and headaches. However, it is also high in caffeine and can cause adverse effects when consumed in high amounts, including hyperactivity, nervousness and fidgeting. To read the original article click here.

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Novel Lipids in Traditional Herbal Teas Unlock Potential Health Gains

The AHA! Team — Mon, 03 Jun 2024 05:12:59 +0000

Hokkaido University via News-Medical – The lipids in some herbal teas have been identified in detail for the first time, preparing the ground for investigating their contribution to the health benefits of the teas. Herbal teas are enjoyed worldwide, not only for their taste and refreshment but also for a wide range of reputed health benefits. But the potential significance of a category of compounds called lipids in the teas has been relatively unexplored. Researchers at Hokkaido University, led by Associate Professor Siddabasave Gowda and Professor Shu-Ping Hui of the Faculty of Health Sciences, have now identified 341 different molecular species from five categories of lipids in samples of four types of herbal tea. They published their results in the journal Food Chemistry. Lipids are a diverse collection of natural substances that share the property of being insoluble in water. They include all of the fats and oils that are common constituents of many foods, but they have generally not been examined as significant components of teas. The Hokkaido team selected four teas for their initial analysis: dokudami (Houttuynia cordata, fish mint), kumazasa (Sasa veitchii), sugina (Equisetum arvense, common horsetail) and yomogi (Artemisia princeps, Japanese mugwort). “These herbs are native to Japan and have been widely consumed as tea from ancient times due to their medicinal properties,” says Gowda. The medicinal benefits attributed to these and other herbal teas include antioxidant, antiglycation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergic, anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic, vasodilatory, antimutagenic, and anti-aging effects. These herbs are native to Japan and have been widely consumed as tea from ancient times due to their medicinal properties The lipids in the teas were separated and identified by combining two modern analytical techniques called high-performance liquid chromatography and linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed significant variations in the lipids in the four types of tea, with each type containing some known bioactive lipids. These included a distinct category of lipids called short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), some of which had never previously been found in plants. SFAHFAs detected in tea could be a novel source of short-chain fatty acids, which are essential metabolites for maintaining gut health. “The discovery of these novel SFAHFAs opens new avenues for research,” says Hui, adding that the lipid concentrations found in the teas are at levels that could be expected to have significant nutritional and medical effects in consumers. The lipids discovered also included α-linolenic acid, already known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and arachidonic acid which has been associated with a variety of health benefits. These two compounds are examples of a range of poly-unsaturated fatty acids found in the teas, a category of lipids that are well-known for their nutritional benefits. Our initial study paves the way for further exploration of the role of lipids in herbal teas and their broad implications for human health and nutrition. We now want to expand our research to characterize the lipids in more than 40 types of herbal tea in the near future.” – Associate Professor Siddabasave Gowda, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Source: Hokkaido University Journal reference: Nath, L. R. (2024). Dissecting new lipids and their composition in herbal tea using untargeted LC/MS. Food Chemistry. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138941. To read the original article click here.

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Spearmint Offers Cognitive Benefits to Both Young and Aging Adults, According to New Research

AHA Publisher — Tue, 02 Jun 2020 07:00:12 +0000

Joy Jensen via NaturalHealth365 – Spearmint, also known as garden mint, is a type of mint that’s very similar to peppermint, although it has its own unique taste. Its pleasantly sweet flavor makes it a popular flavoring for chewing gum, toothpaste, candy, and mouthwash. The potent garden mint is used to create a variety of medicinal products, and spearmint oil is known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Along with many health uses, it’s been investigated for its brain benefits, too. In the past, various studies have been done to show that routine supplementation with garden mint extract resulted in improve cognitive performance in aging adults who already experienced age-related memory problems. However, more recent research found that it also offers cognitive benefits to young adults, as well. How Spearmint Helps to Support Healthy Brain Function Since studies previously proved the effectiveness of spearmint for people between 50 and 70 years of age who had age-related memory problems, scientists hypothesized that regular supplementation with garden mint would also provide cognitive performance benefits to active, younger individuals as well. Extensive cognitive tests were done to evaluate the participants in the study before it began. Some of the study participants were given 900 mg of the garden mint extract, and others were given a placebo. Cognitive tests were done again on days 7, 30, and 90 after supplementation began. Those taking the spearmint extract had significant cognition improvements, particularly in sustained attention. This was the first time that improved attention was seen in a group of healthy, young individuals taking spearmint extract, and it shows the potent cognitive benefits spearmint offers to young and old alike. Spearmint has been proven to offer a variety of cognitive benefits in previous studies, too. Some studies show it’s a more effective stimulant than coffee, providing a more reliable energy boost along with improvements in concentration, memory, and overall brain health. In aging adults, it’s been proven to improve attention span, concentration, and overall brain function. Beyond the Brain: How Does This Garden Mint Support Optimal Health? Beyond the new and previously discovered brain health benefits of spearmint, this herb offers a variety of health benefits that make it worth regular consumption. Just a few spearmint health benefits include: Promotes healing of digestive issues: Helps relieve symptoms of nausea, indigestion, gas, and vomiting. Packed with antioxidants: The high concentration of antioxidants in spearmint makes it effective at reducing the risk of chronic health conditions. Lowers the risk of infections: Spearmint does more than freshen breath – it has antimicrobial and antibacterial properties, too. This means it can kill bacteria and help you avoid infections. Positive blood sugar effect: Some studies have shown promise in spearmints’ ability to help lower blood glucose. Reduce stress in your life: Spearmint tea is often used to calm anxiety and reduce the risk of insomnia. Ease joint discomfort: Since it has anti-inflammatory properties, studies have found that essential oils made from spearmint help to lower the discomfort associated with arthritis. To enjoy the brain and overall health benefits of spearmint, it’s easy to incorporate this herb into your diet. Garden mint tea is probably the easiest way to enjoy this herb. In addition, garden mint extracts and herbal supplements are available to help you enjoy the benefits, if you don’t care to drink tea. To read the original article click here.

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Oregano Oil Benefits for Infections, Fungus & Even the Common Cold

AHA Publisher — Wed, 20 May 2020 07:00:01 +0000

Dr. Josh Axe, DC, DMN, CNS – Designed specifically for fighting bacterial infections, antibiotics are one of medical doctors’ favorite tools for treating many health issues. But there’s another underutilized natural “medicine” that many doctors don’t tell their patients about: oregano oil (also called oil of oregano). Oregano oil is a powerful, plant-derived essential oil that may rival antibiotics when it comes to treating or preventing various infections. (1a) In fact, it contains properties that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. (1b) And oregano essential oil is unlikely to cause many of the harmful side effects that are commonly attributed to high use of antibiotics — such as increased risk for antibiotic resistance, poor gut health due to destroying beneficial probiotic bacteria, reduced vitamin absorption and leaky gut syndrome due to damage of the GI tract’s lining. Meanwhile, oregano oil benefits extend beyond just controlling infections. What else is oregano essential oil used to treat? Common examples of conditions that oregano oil can help manage include: Athlete’s foot or toenail fungus Common colds Gingivitis Earaches or toothaches Digestive problems such as heartburn and SIBO (small intestine bacterial overgrowth) What Is Oregano Oil? Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an herb that is a member of the mint family (Labiatae). Oregano has been considered a precious plant commodity for over 2,500 years in folk medicines that originated across the globe. It has a very long use in traditional medicine for treating colds, indigestion and upset stomachs. (2a) You might have some experience cooking with fresh or dried oregano leaves — such as oregano spice, one of the top herbs for healing — but oregano essential oil is far from what you’d put in your pizza sauce. Found in the Mediterranean, throughout many parts of Europe, and in South and Central Asia, medicinal grade oregano is distilled to extract the essential oil from the herb, which is where a high concentration of the herb’s active constituents are found. It takes over 1,000 pounds of wild oregano to produce just one pound of oregano essential oil! The oil’s active ingredients are preserved in alcohol and used in essential oil form both topically (on the skin) and internally. When made into a medicinal supplement or essential oil, oregano is often called “oil of oregano.” As mentioned above, oregano oil is a considered a natural alternative to prescription antibiotics. Oil of oregano contains two powerful compounds called carvacrol and thymol, both of which have been shown in studies to have strong anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Oregano’s oil is primarily made of carvacrol, while the plant’s leaves contain a variety of antioxidant compounds, such as phenols, triterpenes, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. (2b) 7 Oregano Oil Benefits + Research Studies What can you use oregano essential oil for? The predominant healing compound found in oregano oil, carvacrol, has widespread uses ranging from treating allergies to protecting the skin. According to the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Messina in Italy: Carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol, has emerged for its wide spectrum activity extended to food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria as well as human, animal and plant pathogenic microorganisms including drug-resistant and biofilm forming microorganisms. (3) Carcavol found in oregano essential oil is so potent that it has been been the focus of over 800 studies referenced in PubMed, the world’s No. 1 database for scientific evidence-based literature. To give you a sense of how multi-functional and impressive carvacrol is, it has been shown in studies to help reverse or reduce some of these common health problems: Bacterial infections Fungal infections Parasites Viruses Inflammation Allergies Tumors Indigestion Candida Because it has antimicrobial properties, oregano is also used to preserve food quality during storage 1. Natural Alternative to Antibiotics What’s the problem with frequently using antibiotics? Broad-spectrum antibiotics can be dangerous because they don’t only kill bacteria that are responsible for infections, they also kill good bacteria that we need for optimal health. The Wall Street Journal printed a fantastic article highlighting the dangers that patients may face when they repeatedly use antibiotics. In the author’s words, “Recent studies have shown that doctors are overprescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics, sometimes called the big guns, that kill a wide swath of both good and bad bacteria in the body.” (4) Overuse of antibiotics, and prescribing broad-spectrum drugs when they aren’t needed, can cause a range of problems. It can make the drugs less effective against the bacteria they are intended to treat by fostering the growth of antibiotic-resistant infections. And it can wipe out the body’s good bacteria (probiotics), which help digest food, produce vitamins and protect from infections, among other functions. Unfortunately broad-spectrum antibiotics are very commonly prescribed, and often for conditions in which they have no use, such as viral infections. In one study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, researchers from the University of Utah and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 60 percent of the time when physicians prescribe antibiotics they choose broad-spectrum types. A similar study of children, published in the journal Pediatrics, found that when antibiotics were prescribed they were broad-spectrum 50 percent of the time, mainly for respiratory conditions. (5) In contrast, what does oil of oregano do for you that makes it so beneficial? Essentially, taking oregano oil is a “broad-spectrum approach” to protecting your health. Its active ingredients help fight multiple types of harmful pathogens, including bacteria, yeast and fungi. As a study in the Journal of Medicinal Food journal stated in 2013, oregano oils “represent an inexpensive source of natural antibacterial substances that exhibited potential for use in pathogenic systems.” (1) 2. Fights Infections & Bacterial Overgrowth Here’s the good news regarding the use of less-than-ideal antibiotics: there’s evidence that oregano essential oil can help to fight at least several strains of bacteria that cause health problems that are commonly treated with antibiotics. Dozens of studies confirm the fact that oregano oil can be used in place of harmful antibiotics for a number of health concerns. In 2011 the Journal of Medicinal Food published a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of oregano oil against five different types of bad bacteria. After evaluating the anti-bacterial characteristics of oil of oregano it showed significant anti-bacterial properties against all five species. The highest activity was observed against E. Coli, which suggests that oregano oil could potentially be routinely used to promote gastrointestinal health and to prevent deadly food poisoning. (6) A 2013 study published in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture concluded that “O. vulgare extracts and essential oil from Portuguese origin are strong candidates to replace synthetic chemicals used by the industry.” Researchers from the study found that after studying the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of oregano that Origanum vulgare inhibited the growth of seven tested strains of bacteria that other plant extracts could not. (7) One study involving mice that was published in the journal Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia also found impressive results: in addition to fighting bacteria like Listeria and E. Coli, they also found evidence that oregano oil may have the ability to help pathogenic fungi. (8) Other evidence shows that oregano oil’s active compounds (such as thymol and carvacrol) can help fight toothaches and earaches caused by bacterial infections. A 2005 study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases concluded that “Essential oils or their components placed in the ear canal can provide effective treatment of acute otitis media.” (9) 3. Helps Reduce Side Effects From Medications/Drugs In recent years many studies have found that one of the most promising oregano oil benefits is helping to reduce side effects from medications/drugs. These studies give hope to people who want to find a way to manage the horrible suffering that accompanies drugs and medical interventions, such as chemotherapy or use of drugs for chronic conditions like arthritis. A study published in the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine showed that phenol in oil of oregano can help protect against methotrexate toxicity in mice. (10) Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug commonly used to treat a wide array of issues from cancer to rheumatoid arthritis, but it’s also well-known to have dangerous side effects. After evaluating oil of oregano’s ability to keep these factors at bay, researchers believe its due to oregano’s antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Oregano was shown to work better than drugs that are ineffective at providing full protection against MTX’s adverse effects. By evaluating various markers in the sciatic nerve in mice, it was observed for the first time that carvacrol decreased the pro-inflammatory response in mice being treated by MTX. Being a relatively new concept in the research world, I expect to see more studies testing these results because “groundbreaking” doesn’t even begin to describe the significance of this study. Similarly, research conducted in the Netherlands showed that oregano essential oil can also “prevent bacterial overgrowth and colonization in the large intestine during oral iron therapy.” (11) Used to treat iron deficiency anemia, oral iron therapy is known to cause a series of gastrointestinal issues like nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn and vomiting. It’s believed that carvacrol targets the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and increases membrane permeability, thereby causing depletion of harmful bacteria. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, carvacrol also interferences with certain pathways for bacterial iron handling which helps to lower side effects of iron therapy. 4. Helps Treat Athlete’s Foot One study found that a combination of heat, salt and use of essential oils (including oregano) had inhibitory effects against mycelia of T. rubrum and conidia of T. mentagrophytes, bacterial strains that commonly cause the fungal infection known as athlete’s foot. The researchers concluded that “Thermotherapy combined with essential oils and salt would be promising to treat tinea pedis in a foot bath.” After testing the fungicidal activity of 11 essential oils against the bacteria known to cause athlete’s foot, oregano oil was found to be the most powerful (followed by thyme, cinnamon bark, lemongrass and clove). (12) 5. Helps Treat Digestive Issues (Including SIBO & Heartburn) Several of the active compounds found in Origanum vulgare can help to aid digestion by relaxing the muscles of the GI tract and also helping to balance the ratio of good-to-bad bacteria in the gut. Thymol, one of oregano’s active compounds, is a similar compound to menthol, which is found in peppermint oil. Like menthol, thymol may help relax the soft tissue of the throat and stomach which can help to decrease GERD, heartburn and discomfort after eating. Because it helps balance bacteria and fights yeast overgrowth, oregano essential oil is also a popular natural treatment for Candida and SIBO, or small intestine bacterial overgrowth. SIBO is a common digestive problem that causes gas, bloating and intolerances to many carbohydrate-containing foods (especially FODMAPs). Origanum vulgare hinders bacterial replication and can be used similarly to antibiotic medications such as rifaximin (Xifaxan) for treating infections that affect digestive health and nutrient absorption. A 2014 study published in Global Advances in Health & Medicine found evidence that use of herbal antimicrobials is just as effective as the antibiotic usually given for the treatment of SIBO. When 104 patients diagnosed with SIBO (via lactulose breath test) were treated either with rifaximin (1,200 milligrams) or herbal antimicrobials over the course of four weeks the results showed that 46 percent of the patients treated with herbal antimicrobials experienced symptom improvements, compared to only 34 percent treated with the antibiotic rifaximin. (13) Additionally, 14 of the 44 patients who still had SIBO after a course of rifaximin were then treated with herbal antimicrobials. Fifty-seven percent responded positively to the herbal treatment even after failing to feel better from the antibiotics! 6. Can Help Treat Parasites One study found that when adults whose stools tested positive for enteric parasites (including Blastocystis hominis which causes digestive distress) supplemented with 600 milligrams of oregano for six weeks many experienced significant gastrointestinal symptoms. There was a “complete disappearance of Entamoeba hartmanni (four cases), Endolimax nana (one case), and Blastocystis...

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